{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T09:03:03Z","timestamp":1789981383490,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011096","name":"Jazz Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated promising effectiveness and tolerability as adjunctive treatment in patients with severe childhood epilepsies. This study investigated the effectiveness and tolerability of CBD in adults with a history of Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome (LGS), or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study in adults with diagnosis of DS, LGS or TSC who received at least 12\u2009months of CBD treatment. Medical records were reviewed and baseline characteristics, treatment retention, seizure frequency, cognitive behavioral improvements, concomitant ASM usage, and adverse events were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010seven patients (median age 25\u2009years; 67.5% male) with diagnosis of DS, LGS or TSC received CBD for at least 12\u2009months. The CBD median maintenance dose was 10.45\u2009mg\/kg\/day (IQR 7.455 \u2013 13.975) (median maximum dose 11\u2009mg\/kg\/day); median follow\u2010up time was 28\u2009months (IQR 22.75\u201358.25). Seizure frequency was reduced by \u226550% in 48.6% of patients at 6\u2009months and 45.9% at 12\u2009months. No statistically significant differences in median maintenance dose were observed across seizure reduction categories. During CBD treatment, caregivers reported subjective improvements in cognition in 29.7% of patients. Treatment with CBD was significantly associated with a reduction in the median number of concomitant ASMs at the end of follow\u2010up (4 [3, 4]) vs. 3 [3, 4] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). AEs occurred in 64.9% of patients and were mostly mild; 16.2% had AEs leading to treatment discontinuation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a series of adult patients treated with CBD according to label. The results are similar to those described in children. CBD treatment was associated with clinically meaningful seizure reduction and acceptable tolerability in this real\u2010world cohort of adults with drug\u2010resistant developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. These findings support the potential role of CBD in complex adult DEE populations while highlighting the need for prospective controlled studies to better define its independent treatment effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study looked at the long\u2010term use of cannabidiol (CBD) in 37 adults with Dravet syndrome, Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome, or tuberous sclerosis complex. After 12\u2009months, almost half of the patients had at least a 50% reduction in seizures. Some caregivers also reported improvements in cognition and behavior. Patients were able to reduce the number of other antiseizure medicines they were taking. Side effects were common but mostly mild, although a small number of patients stopped treatment because of them. Overall, CBD appeared effective and reasonably well tolerated, but further controlled studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:05:52Z","timestamp":1789977952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of cannabidiol in adult patients with epilepsy: A multicenter, retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4679-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Gamino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9896-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Chamorro Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA\u2010Plataforma Bionand)  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Virgen de la Victoria  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-2707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro J.","family":"Serrano\u2010Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA\u2010Plataforma Bionand)  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3319-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Vitorique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Virgen de la Victoria  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1524-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Ja\u00e9n  Ja\u00e9n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"L\u00f3pez Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA\u2010Plataforma Bionand)  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6421-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Cabezudo\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA\u2010Plataforma Bionand)  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3894-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermina","family":"Garc\u00eda Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional Universitario M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA\u2010Plataforma Bionand)  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108222"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2589"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13723"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109932"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263\u2010024\u201001130\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1611618"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1714631"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)30136\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010319\u201020825\u20101_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","unstructured":"Epidyolex.Summary of Product Characteristics. 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