{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:41:19Z","timestamp":1792474879160,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested that epilepsy may show progressive brain structural changes over time. However, longitudinal hippocampal volume changes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have not been adequately compared with those observed in normal aging. In this study, we enrolled 46 patients with unilateral TLE and 25 healthy controls with longitudinal structural MRI scans using the same scanner. Hippocampal volumes were quantified using the Hipposeg software, and the annual percentage volume reduction relative to baseline (%Reduction\/year) was calculated for each hippocampus. Compared to healthy hippocampi (median \u22120.37% per year, IQR\u2009=\u20093.97), both ipsilateral (median \u22121.04% per year, IQR\u2009=\u20093.65) and contralateral (median \u22121.08% per year, IQR\u2009=\u20093.17) hippocampi in TLE showed significantly greater volume reduction over time (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, annual ipsilateral hippocampal volume reduction was significantly correlated with disease duration (Spearman's\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009=\u20090.366, FDR\u2010corrected\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036), suggesting that hippocampal atrophy progresses more rapidly during the early stage after epilepsy onset. These findings indicate that hippocampal volume loss in TLE exceeds that expected from normal aging and provide further evidence supporting progressive structural alterations during the course of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporal lobe epilepsy may cause progressive changes in the brain beyond those expected from normal aging. Using repeated MRI scans, we found that the hippocampus showed greater volume loss over time in people with temporal lobe epilepsy than in healthy individuals. This volume loss occurred bilaterally and appeared to be greater during the earlier stages of the disease. These results provide further evidence supporting progressive structural brain changes in TLE and contribute to a better understanding of disease progression and abnormal brain aging in epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.70373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:34:16Z","timestamp":1792474456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Progressive Hippocampal Volume Reduction Beyond Normal Aging in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Longitudinal\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daichi","family":"Sone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Science Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Shigemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Kagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Trial and Research Promotion Office Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Collaborators GBDE","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1486667","article-title":"Neuropsychiatry revisited: epilepsy as the borderland between neurology and psychiatry","volume":"15","author":"Sone D","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1708","article-title":"Progressive cortical thinning in patients with focal epilepsy","volume":"76","author":"Galovic M","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa284","article-title":"Resective surgery prevents progressive cortical thinning in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"143","author":"Galovic M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad284","article-title":"Identification of different MRI atrophy progression trajectories in epilepsy by subtype and stage inference","volume":"146","author":"Xiao F","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201046629\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.04.003","article-title":"Hippocampal regulation of aversive memories","volume":"21","author":"Goosens KA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0446-9","article-title":"Neuroimaging\u2010based brain\u2010age prediction in diverse forms of epilepsy: a signature of psychosis and beyond","volume":"26","author":"Sone D","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12408","article-title":"Automated hippocampal segmentation in patients with epilepsy: available free online","volume":"54","author":"Winston GP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004176","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis on progressive atrophy in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: time is brain?","volume":"89","author":"Caciagli L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b783dd","article-title":"Seizure frequency and lateralization affect progression of atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"73","author":"Coan AC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65974-8","article-title":"Topological turning points across the human lifespan","volume":"16","author":"Mousley A","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70373","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/epi4.70373","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/epi4.70373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:34:18Z","timestamp":1792474458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/epi4.70373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/epi4.70373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.70373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9239","2470-9239"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9239","type":"print"},{"value":"2470-9239","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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