{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:14:37Z","timestamp":1780470877590,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PSI2011-28801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2011-28801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Euro Eating Disorders Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Virtual reality (VR) technology has been successfully used to study the influence of specific and contextual food\u2010related cues on emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses in patients with eating disorders (ED) and healthy controls. Following this research line, the present study assesses the effect on reported food craving of the type of food (low calorie versus high calorie) and the presence or absence of other people (private versus social context) in VR environments. Relationships between craving and body mass index (BMI) and ED symptoms are also explored. Eighty\u2010seven female students were exposed to four VR scenarios presented in random order: a low\u2010calorie kitchen, a high\u2010calorie kitchen, a low\u2010calorie restaurant and a high\u2010calorie restaurant. After 2\u2009minutes of exposure to each virtual scenario, food craving was assessed. Repeated measures analyses of covariance were conducted to assess changes in food craving following exposure to the different VR environments. Time elapsed since the last meal was introduced as a covariate to control for responses produced by food deprivation. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were also conducted to assess the relationship between reported food craving and BMI and ED symptoms. Participants experienced higher levels of food craving after exposure to high\u2010calorie foods (in both the kitchen and restaurant environments) than after exposure to low\u2010calorie foods. Being alone in the kitchen or with friends in the restaurant had no effect on reported craving. Overall, neither BMI nor ED symptoms were related with reported food craving; only in the restaurant with low\u2010calorie food was a significant negative correlation found between BMI and food craving. The results suggest that cue exposure in virtual environments is an effective procedure for inducing food craving in healthy controls and may be useful as a research and therapeutic tool in clinical populations. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T17:52:51Z","timestamp":1434736371000},"page":"371-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Craving for Food in Virtual Reality Scenarios in Non\u2010Clinical Sample: Analysis of its Relationship with Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Ferrer\u2010Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments Universitat de Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Gutierrez\u2010Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments Universitat de Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Treasure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Eating Disorders King's College London  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Vilalta\u2010Abella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments Universitat de Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5944\/rppc.vol.19.num.3.2014.13905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Medici\u00f3n cl\u00ednica en Psiquiatr\u00eda y Psicolog\u00eda","author":"Bulbena A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09084280903297891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(02)00145-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Food cravings and addiction","author":"Cepeda\u2010Benito A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(89)90281-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.2.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(03)00026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Validation of VR\u2010based software for binge eating treatment: Preliminary data","volume":"199","author":"Ferrer\u2010Garcia M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445509348056","article-title":"The validity of virtual environments for eliciting emotional responses in patients with eating disorders and in controls","volume":"3","author":"Ferrer\u2010Garc\u00eda M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Cue\u2010elicited anxiety and craving for food using virtual reality scenarios","volume":"191","author":"Ferrer\u2010Garcia M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Virtual reality in psychology","volume":"2","author":"Foreman N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Themes in Science and Technology Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700030762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700049163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-9-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"Statistics for the behavioral science","author":"Gravetter F. 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