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Of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0973 hits, 42 full\u2010texts were included in the qualitative synthesis (11 theoretical texts, 19 case reports, 12 descriptive, cohort, and controlled trials). A central topic in the included publications concerns the enhancement of patients' autonomy through participation in the contingency management process. This heightened autonomy is achieved by using contingency contracts. Positive short\u2010term effects on weight gain were shown, whereas follow\u2010up results were heterogeneous. Although contingency contracts are widely used in clinical practice, our systematic review shows that empirical evidence on underlying mechanisms and efficacy is still scarce. Using an explicit treatment contract can enhance patients' motivation, compliance, and autonomy. Clinical practice should see further development including innovative motivation enhancing and conflict dissolving techniques in addressing the pronounced ambivalence often shown by patients with anorexia nervosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1522050542000},"page":"379-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effectiveness of contingency management in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6111-4082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Ziser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaby","family":"Resmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin Elisabeth","family":"Giel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felicitas","family":"Stuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Zipfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Junne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Medical University Hospital Tuebingen  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Principles of medical psychiatry","author":"Abel G. 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