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However, previous findings have been contradictory and limited by small sample size and\/or cross\u2010sectional assessment of autistic traits. We examine the hypothesis that autism diagnosis and autism polygenic score (PGS) are associated with increased ED severity in a large ED cohort using a broad range of ED severity indicators. Our cohort included 3189 individuals (64 males) born 1977\u20132000 with current or previous anorexia nervosa who participated in the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative\u2010Sweden (ANGI\u2010SE) and for whom genotypes and linkage to national registers were available. We identified 134 (4.2%) individuals with registered autism diagnoses. Individuals with confirmed autism diagnosis had significantly more severe ED across three sets of severity indicators. Some of the largest effects were found for the proportion of individuals who attempted suicide and who received tube feeding (higher in autism), and for the time spent in inpatient care (longer in autism). Results for autism PGS were not statistically significant. Adapting ED treatment to the needs of individuals with co\u2010occurring autism is an important research direction to improve treatment outcome in this group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T06:18:47Z","timestamp":1658297927000},"page":"442-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Association of autism diagnosis and polygenic scores with eating disorder severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ruyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Birgeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Fund\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Land\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7772-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dinkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596\u2010020\u20100353\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Social responsiveness scale","author":"Constantino J. 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