{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:50:13Z","timestamp":1790866213918,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,24]],"date-time":"2010-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Many procedures have been developed to measure the concentration of monomethylmercury (MeHg) from different sample matrices, and the use of stable isotopes of mercury now provides opportunities to determine its formation and degradation rates. Here, a modified procedure for measuring mercury isotopes in sediment samples that uses acid leaching-ion exchange-thiosulfate extraction (TSE) to isolate and purify the methylated mercury from the matrix is proposed. The latter is followed by aqueous-phase ethylation, purge and trap on Tenax, gas chromatography separation of ethylated mercury compounds, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. The new TSE procedure bridges together two well-known methods, the acid-leaching and distillation-derivatization procedures, offering the advantages of artifact-free formation of the first, and low detection limits and the possibility of quantification of individual isotopes of mercury of the second. The modified procedure retains the derivatization, purge and trap, and gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS) detection steps from the distillation-derivatization procedure, and eliminates the distillation step, which is not only laborious but also expensive, due to the high cost of installation and time-consuming cleaning process. Major advantages of the TSE procedure proposed include the extraction and analysis of a large number of samples in a short time, excellent analyte recoveries, and the lack of artifact formation. Sediment certified reference materials (CRMs), BCR 580 and IAEA 405, were used to test the TSE procedure accuracy. Recoveries between 94 to 106% and 95 to 96% were obtained for CRMs and spiked samples (Milli-Q\u00ae water), respectively. Comparisons among thiosulfate extraction, distillation, and acid-leaching procedures have shown good agreement of methylmercury values. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1256\u20131262. \u00a9 2010 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,24]],"date-time":"2010-02-24T23:13:53Z","timestamp":1267053233000},"page":"1256-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Simplified sample preparation procedure for measuring isotope-enriched methylmercury by gas chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mary-Luyza","family":"Avramescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Yumvihoze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Hintelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Science Department, University of Ottawa, 140 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.S.","family":"Lean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2003-0835.ch019","article-title":"Geochemical and biological controls over methylmercury production and degradation in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"835","author":"Benoit","year":"2003","journal-title":"ACS Symp Ser"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[33:ROMF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Recovery of mercury-contaminated fisheries","volume":"36","author":"Munthe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1021\/es802656p","article-title":"Low-level mercury speciation in freshwaters by isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS","volume":"43","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[443:RAIMSA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Recent advances in mercury speciation analysis with focus on spectrometric methods and enriched stable isotope applications","volume":"3","author":"Bjorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1039\/JA9951000619","article-title":"Measurement of mercury methylation in sediments by using enriched stable mercury isotopes combined with methylmercury determination by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","volume":"10","author":"Hintelmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Anal At Spectrom"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319708030499","article-title":"Evaluation of some isolation methods for organomercury determination in soil and fish samples by capillary gas chromatography\u2013atomic fluorescence spectrometry","volume":"68","author":"Cai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Environ Anal Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2670(93)85348-N","article-title":"Comparison of distillation with other current isolation methods for the determination of methyl mercury compounds in low level environmental samples. Part 1. Sediments","volume":"28","author":"Horvat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib8","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(83)90069-5","article-title":"Determination of mercury in seawater at sub-nanogram per liter levels","volume":"14","author":"Bloom","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160050431","article-title":"Determination of arifactual formation of monomethylmercury (CH3Hg+) in environmental samples using stable Hg2+ isotopes with ICP-MS detection: Calculation of contents applying species specific isotopes addition","volume":"358","author":"Hintelmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fresenius' J Anal Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160050433","article-title":"Application of stable isotopes in environmental tracer studies\u2014Measurement of monomethylmercury (CH3Hg+) by isotope dilution ICP-MS and detection of species transformation","volume":"358","author":"Hintelmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fresenius' J Anal Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2005.09.018","article-title":"Mercury methylation in estuaries: Insights from using measuring rates using stable mercury isotopes","volume":"102","author":"Heyes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190909","article-title":"Constants of mercury methylation and demethylation rates in sediments and comparison of tracer and ambient mercury availability","volume":"19","author":"Hintelmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00180-0","article-title":"Comparison of different extraction techniques used for methylmercury analysis with respect to accidental formation of methylmercury during sample preparation","volume":"39","author":"Hintelmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00177-0","article-title":"Conclusion of the workshop on \u201cSources of error in methymercury determination during sample preparation, derivatization and detection.\u201d","volume":"39","author":"Falter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1039\/b106878b","article-title":"Applications of enriched stable isotope tracers in combination with isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS to study mercury species transformation in sea sediments during in situ ethylation and determination","volume":"16","author":"Lambertsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anal Spectrum"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.617","article-title":"Re-evaluation of distillation and comparison with HNO3leaching\/solvent extraction for isolation of methylmercury compounds from sediment\/soil samples","volume":"18","author":"Liang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Organomet Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2003-0835.ch021","article-title":"Determination of stable mercury isotopes by ICP-MS and their application in environmental studies","volume":"835","author":"Hintelmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"ACS Symp Ser"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160050432","article-title":"Artefact formation of methyl mercury during aqueous distillation and alternative techniques for the extraction of methyl mercury from environmental samples","volume":"358","author":"Bloom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fresenius' J Anal Chem"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib20","volume-title":"Environmental Statistics with S-Plus","author":"Millard","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib21","volume-title":"Chemometrics, Statistics and Computer Application in Analytical Chemistry","author":"Otto","year":"2007","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib22","volume-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","author":"Zar","year":"2006","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib23","article-title":"Potential causes of enhanced transfer of mercury to St. Lawrence River biota: Implications for sediment management strategies at Cornwall, Ontario, Canada","author":"Ridal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hydrobiology"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.03.010","article-title":"Sediment mercury dynamics and historical trends of mercury deposition in the St. Lawrence River area of concern near Cornwall, Ontario, Canada","volume":"407","author":"Delongchamp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib25","author":"Biberhofer","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25l","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(96)00309-1","article-title":"Determination of organomercury compounds in aqueous samples by capillary gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry following solid-phase extraction","volume":"334","author":"Cai","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"2025010316574503400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50011a011","article-title":"Gas-chromatographic determination of inorganic mercury and organomercurials in biological materials","volume":"49","author":"Cappon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anal Chem"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/1256\/59857754\/158.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/1256\/59857754\/158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T16:58:21Z","timestamp":1735923501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/29\/6\/1256\/7763317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-01-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-05-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}