{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T18:04:15Z","timestamp":1769105055424,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,5]],"date-time":"2010-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,5]],"date-time":"2010-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study is the second in a series aiming at a systematic inventory of specific toxic effects of oils. By employing a recombinant yeast stably transfected with human estrogen receptor-\u03b1 (ER\u03b1) or -\u03b2 (ER\u03b2) or androgen receptor (AR) and expressing yeast enhanced green fluorescent protein, the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of 11 crude oils and refined products were studied. None of the oils tested had significant estrogenic effects in the ER\u03b1 assay or androgenic effects in the AR assay. However, all oils were capable of inducing estrogenic responses in the ER\u03b2 assay, with several responses being above even the maximal response of the standard 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2). Based on the lowest effect concentrations, the potencies of oils in all the assays were between four and seven orders of magnitude lower than those of the standards E2 or testosterone (T). The potencies of the actual individual petrochemical agonists may, however, be relatively high, considering the complex composition of oils. Additive effects, antagonistic effects, and a synergistic effect were measured in the assays upon coexposure to a fixed concentration of standard (E2 or T) and increasing concentrations of oils. To investigate whether the observed effects were receptor-mediated, coexposures to the synthetic inhibitors ICI 182,780 (ER\u03b2 assay) or flutamide (AR assay), a fixed concentration of standard, and various concentrations of oils were performed. The results suggested that the androgenic effects were receptor mediated, whereas the estrogenic effects may be only partially mediated via the receptor. The present study indicates that oils contain compounds with possible endocrine-disrupting potential, some of them acting via the hormone receptors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1529\u20131536. \u00a9 2010 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,6]],"date-time":"2010-04-06T01:57:30Z","timestamp":1270519050000},"page":"1529-1536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Specific in vitro toxicity of crude and refined petroleum products: II. Estrogen (\u03b1 and \u03b2) and androgen receptor-mediated responses in yeast assays"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Cozmina M.","family":"Vrabie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Candido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majorie B.M.","family":"van Duursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiel T.O.","family":"Jonker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. 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