{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:23:12Z","timestamp":1779931392803,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,29]],"date-time":"2010-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Reproductive abnormalities in alligators exposed to contaminants in Lake Apopka, Florida, USA represent a clear example of endocrine disruption in wildlife. Several of these contaminants that are not able to bind to mammalian estrogen receptors (such as atrazine and cyanazine) have previously been reported to bind to the alligator estrogen receptor from oviductal tissue. Binding of known Lake Apopka contaminants to full length estrogen receptors alpha from human (hER\u03b1) and alligator (aER\u03b1) was assessed in a side-by-side comparison within the same assay system. Baculovirus-expressed recombinant hER\u03b1 and aER\u03b1 were used in a competitive binding assay. Atrazine and cyanazine were not able to bind to either receptor. p,p\u2032-Dicofol was able to bind to aER\u03b1 with a concentration inhibiting 50% of binding (IC50) of 4\u2009\u00b5M, while only partially displacing 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2) from hER\u03b1 and yielding a projected IC50 of 45\u2009\u00b5M. Chemicals that only partially displaced E2 from either receptor, including some dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolites and trans-nonachlor, appeared to have higher affinity for aER\u03b1 than hER\u03b1. p,p\u2032-Dicofol-mediated transcriptional activation through aER\u03b1 and hER\u03b1 was assessed to further explore the preferential binding of p,p\u2032-dicofol to aER\u03b1 over hER\u03b1. p,p\u2032-Dicofol was able to stimulate transcriptional activation in a similar manner with both receptors. However, the in vitro results obtained with p,p\u2032-dicofol were not reflected in an in vivo mammalian model, where Kelthane\u2122 (mixed o,p\u2032- and p,p\u2032-dicofol isomers) did not elicit estrogenic effects. In conclusion, although there was no evidence of exclusively species-specific estrogen receptor binders, some xenoestrogens, especially p,p\u2032-dicofol, had a higher affinity for aER\u03b1 than for hER\u03b1. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2064\u20132071. \u00a9 2010 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T20:02:00Z","timestamp":1272657720000},"page":"2064-2071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Differences in sensitivity but not selectivity of xenoestrogen binding to alligator versus human estrogen receptor alpha"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Cynthia V.","family":"Rider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip C.","family":"Hartig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary C.","family":"Cardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy R.","family":"Lambright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy L.","family":"Bobseine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Louis J.","family":"Guillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8525, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"L. Earl","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie S.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-72, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010316193003000_bib1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Low clutch viability of american alligators on Lake Apopka","volume":"56","author":"Woodward","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fla Sci"},{"key":"2025010316193003000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102680","article-title":"Developmental 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