{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:21:57Z","timestamp":1791602517992,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"We thank the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000003","name":"ArcticNet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mercury (Hg) has been detected in polar bear brain tissue, but its biological effects are not well known. Relationships between Hg concentrations and neurochemical enzyme activities and receptor binding were assessed in the cerebellum, frontal lobes, and occipital lobes of 24 polar bears collected from Nunavik (Northern Quebec), Canada. The concentration\u2013response relationship was further studied with in vitro experiments using pooled brain homogenate of 12 randomly chosen bears. In environmentally exposed brain samples, there was no correlative relationship between Hg concentration and cholinesterase (ChE) activity or muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) binding in any of the 3 brain regions. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the occipital lobe showed a negative correlative relationship with total Hg concentration. In vitro experiments, however, demonstrated that Hg (mercuric chloride and methylmercury chloride) can inhibit ChE and MAO activities and muscarinic mAChR binding. These results show that Hg can alter neurobiochemical parameters but the current environmental Hg exposure level does have an effect on the neurochemistry of polar bears from northern Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2463\u20132471. \u00a9 2014 SETAC<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T20:07:29Z","timestamp":1411762049000},"page":"2463-2471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["In vivo and in vitro changes in neurochemical parameters related to mercury concentrations from specific brain regions of polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Anke","family":"Krey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Northern British Columbia Prince George British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nunavik Research Center Kuujjuaq Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hing Man","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Environmental GenomicsUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010315441731600_etc2685-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1021\/es1028734","article-title":"Temporal trends and future predictions of mercury concentrations in Northwest Greenland polar bear (Ursus maritimus) hair","volume":"45","author":"Dietz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010315441731600_etc2685-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic696","article-title":"A comparison of modern and preindustrial levels of mercury in the teeth of beluga in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, and walrus 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