{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:37:40Z","timestamp":1778582260816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada, is considered a biological mercury (Hg) hotspot because the tissues of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and common loons (Gavia immer) inhabiting the lakes frequently exceed so-called safe levels of Hg. In the present study, the relationships between Hg and overall health of males and females of 3 forage fish species (brown bullhead Ameirus nebulosus, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas; n\u2009=\u20096\u201318\/sex\/lake) in 6 lakes at the park were assessed using condition factor, liversomatic index (LSI), and macrophage aggregates (MAs; indicators of tissue damage). Mean muscle total Hg (THg) concentrations of brown bullhead, banded killifish, and golden shiner across lakes were 0.32\u2009\u03bcg\/g, 0.27\u2009\u03bcg\/g, and 0.34\u2009\u03bcg\/g, respectively. Condition was negatively related to muscle THg in golden shiner and banded killifish, LSI was not related to THg in any species, and all species showed evidence of increasing MA prevalence (counts and area) with increasing THg concentrations. The MAs were most prevalent in spleen tissues of golden shiner, with mean percentage cover ranging from 0.36% to 5.59% across lakes. In addition, the area of MAs appeared to be better predicted by THg concentration than was the number of MAs in the same tissue. These findings suggest that Hg is affecting the health of wild fishes in Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site and that other populations with similar or higher concentrations of this metal may also be at risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:976\u2013987. \u00a9 2016 SETAC<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]],"date-time":"2016-09-06T06:14:25Z","timestamp":1473142465000},"page":"976-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["General and histological indicators of health in wild fishes from a biological mercury hotspot in northeastern North America"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Stephanie D.","family":"Graves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Brunswick Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Brunswick Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff E.","family":"Houlahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Brunswick Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly R.","family":"Munkittrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA) Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"University of New Brunswick Saint John New Brunswick Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.06.009","article-title":"Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020","volume":"44","author":"Pacyna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(97)00293-8","article-title":"Atmospheric mercury\u2014An overview","volume":"32","author":"Schroeder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.environ.051308.084314","article-title":"Global biogeochemical cycling of mercury: A review","volume":"34","author":"Selin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Environ Res"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00228-9","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of mercury in pelagic freshwater food webs","volume":"219","author":"Watras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1139\/f94-039","article-title":"Pelagic food-chain structure in Ontario lakes\u2014A determinant of mercury levels in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","volume":"51","author":"Cabana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1897\/08-151.1","article-title":"Mercury-induced reproductive impairment in fish","volume":"28","author":"Crump","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1021\/es034252m","article-title":"Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproductive endocrinology of fathead minnows","volume":"37","author":"Drevnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-0159-0","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in gonad, liver, and muscle of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the lower Columbia River","volume":"50","author":"Webb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0009","first-page":"331","article-title":"Mercury toxicity in livers of northern pike (Esox lucius) from Isle Royale, USA","volume":"147","author":"Drevnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.2002.2165","article-title":"Effect of mercury on general and reproductive health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from three lakes in New Jersey","volume":"52","author":"Friedmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Safe"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1897\/04-284R.1","article-title":"Approaches for linking whole-body fish tissue residues of mercury or DDT to biological effects thresholds","volume":"24","author":"Beckvar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1021\/es702337m","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in salmonids from western US national parks and relationships with age and macrophage aggregates","volume":"42","author":"Schwindt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2099","article-title":"Evidence of impaired health in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological mercury hotspot in northeastern North America","volume":"32","author":"Batchelar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3009","article-title":"The role of melano-macrophage aggregates in the storage of mercury and other metals: An example from yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus)","volume":"34","author":"Barst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00485.x","article-title":"Melano-macrophage centres and their role in fish pathology","volume":"26","author":"Agius","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fish Dis"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0016","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination","author":"McCarthy","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2008.01817.x","article-title":"Liver cyp1A protein expression and pigmented macrophage aggregates as indicators of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in carp (Cyprinus carpio) L. from the Kalamazoo River superfund site, Michigan","volume":"72","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.05.037","article-title":"First evidence of polybrominated diphenyl ether (flame retardants) effects in feral barbel from the Ebro River basin (NE, Spain)","volume":"73","author":"Raldua","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8982","DOI":"10.1021\/es201641x","article-title":"Laser ablation ICP-MS co-localization of mercury and immune response in fish","volume":"45","author":"Barst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12047","DOI":"10.1021\/es4022975","article-title":"Mercury biomagnification through food webs is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of lakes","volume":"47","author":"Clayden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.03.020","article-title":"Reproductive health of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological mercury hotspot in Nova Scotia, Canada","volume":"454","author":"Batchelar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17330","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4177-4","article-title":"Morphological alterations in the liver of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological mercury hotspot","volume":"22","author":"Muller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1139\/f92-113","article-title":"On the chemical form of mercury in edible fish and marine invertebrate tissue","volume":"49","author":"Bloom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0024","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Metal Ions in Biological Systems","author":"O'Driscoll","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.07.044","article-title":"Factors affecting the bioavailability of methylmercury to breeding rusty blackbirds in northeastern wetlands","volume":"171","author":"Edmonds","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.4.602","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of mercury speciation in biological materials by GC\/CVAFS after ethylation and room temperature pre-collection","volume":"40","author":"Liang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0027","author":"Valdivia","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0028","author":"Scott","year":"1973"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0029","author":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada.","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1021\/es950373d","article-title":"Uptake, toxicity, and trophic transfer of mercury in a coastal diatom","volume":"30","author":"Mason","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-042","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in Lake Murray, Papua New Guinea","volume":"58","author":"Bowles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.02.010","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of mercury in benthic communities of a river ecosystem affected by mercury mining","volume":"377","author":"Zizek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02986262","article-title":"Mercury pollution and macrophage centres in pike (Esox lucius) tissues","volume":"4","author":"Meinelt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0034","first-page":"4","article-title":"Slenic pigmented macrophage aggregates in barbel (Barbus peloponnesius, Valenciennes, 1844) from River Bregalnica\u2014Influences of age, sex and season on a pollution biomarker","volume":"16","author":"Jordanova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turk J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.21040","article-title":"Changes in the amount of kidney pigmented macrophage aggregates throughout the breeding cycle of female Ohrid trout, Salmo letnica Kar. (Teleostei, Salmonidae)","volume":"75","author":"Jordanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microsc Res Techn"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01636502","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of the use of macrophage aggregates (MA) as fish health monitors","volume":"35","author":"Wolke","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781134186310","volume-title":"Biology of Fishes","author":"Bone","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00485.x","article-title":"Melano-macrophage centres and their role in fish pathology","volume":"26","author":"Agius","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fish Dis"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0039","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Fish Diseases and Disorders","author":"Chinabut","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(2001)013<0105:UOSMAA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Utility of splenic macrophage aggregates as an indicator of fish exposure to degraded environments","volume":"13","author":"Fournie","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Aquat Anim Health"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3354\/dao068101","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of macrophage aggregates in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"68","author":"Schwindt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis Aquat Organ"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0042","author":"Mumford","year":"2007"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2009.11.010","article-title":"The activity of macrophage aggregates in the liver of flounder (Platichthys flesus) and wrasse (Symphodus melops) is associated with tissue damage","volume":"69","author":"Broeg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1139\/f96-159","article-title":"Bioenergetic analysis of the effects of temperature and prey availability on growth and condition of northern cod (Gadus morhua)","volume":"54","author":"Krohn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030701790322","article-title":"Live fast and die young: Metal effects on condition and physiology of wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from along two metal contamination gradients","volume":"14","author":"Couture","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0046","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Toxicology of Aquatic Pollution","author":"Randall","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280627","article-title":"Interrelationships between mercury levels in yearling yellow perch, fish condition and water-quality","volume":"50","author":"Suns","year":"1990","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203647295","volume-title":"The Toxicology of Fishes","author":"Di Giulio","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0049","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Water Pollution and Fish Physiology","author":"Heath","year":"1995","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3521","article-title":"Relation among mercury concentration, growth rate, and condition of northern pike: a tautology resolved","author":"Sandheinrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1382-6689(02)00126-6","article-title":"Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review","volume":"13","author":"Van der Oost","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2013.05.010","article-title":"Mercury and histopathology of the vulnerable goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara, in U.S. waters: A multi-tissue approach","volume":"126","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(02)00025-7","article-title":"Histopathological evidence of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury toxicity in the arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)","volume":"90","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0054","first-page":"139","article-title":"Toxicological effects of methylmercury on walleye (Sander vitreus) and perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes of the boreal forest","volume":"147","author":"Larose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0055","volume-title":"Mercury Cycling in a Wetland Dominated Ecosystem: A Multidisciplinary Study","author":"Siciliano","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0056","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Progress in Comparative Endocrinology","author":"Carragher","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025010315065153800_etc3611-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FISH.0000030607.75565.74","article-title":"Effects of low pH on the reproductive behavior of salmonid fishes","volume":"28","author":"Ikuta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.3611","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.3611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/etc.3611","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/etc.3611","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/36\/4\/976\/59777616\/etc3611.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/36\/4\/976\/59777616\/etc3611.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T15:40:15Z","timestamp":1735918815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/36\/4\/976\/7740220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.3611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}