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Survival was assessed at 96\u2009h following oil exposures ranging from 2\u2009h to 96\u2009h and targeting 3 general periods of development, namely the prehatch phase, the period surrounding hatch, and the posthatch phase. In addition, 3 different oil preparations were used: high- and low-energy water accommodated fractions of oil and very thin surface slicks of oil (\u223c1\u2009\u03bcm). The latter 2 were used to distinguish between effects due to direct contact with the slick itself and the water underlying the slick. Considering the data from all 3 exposure regimes, it was determined that the period near or including hatch was likely the most sensitive. Furthermore, toxicity was not enhanced by direct contact with slick oil. These findings are environmentally relevant given that the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons eliciting mortality from exposures during the sensitive periods of development were below or near concentrations measured during the active spill phase. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1887\u20131895. \u00a9 2016 SETAC<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T10:10:54Z","timestamp":1485511854000},"page":"1887-1895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Assessment of early life stage mahi-mahi windows of sensitivity during acute exposures to<i>Deepwater Horizon<\/i>crude oil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Mager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Texas Denton Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Pasparakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and EcologyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lela S.","family":"Schlenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and EcologyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongli","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Saline-alkaline FisheriesEast China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bodinier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi-Adventis Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and EcologyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Hoenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and EcologyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt AssociatesBoulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Benetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and EcologyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Grosell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and EcologyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of Miami Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010315115579600_etc3713-bib-0001","author":"United States of America v. 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