{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:45:19Z","timestamp":1777556719606,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","award":["ER-2626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER-2626"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Per\/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants of emerging concern that can impair immune function, yet few studies have tested whether exposure increases infection risk. Using laboratory experiments, we found that exposure to 10\u2009ppb of perfluorohexanesulfonic acid increased trematode (Echinoparyphium lineage 3) infections in larval northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). However, there was no effect of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. Our results demonstrate that PFAS can potentially enhance infection risk in natural systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:689\u2013694. \u00a9 2020 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:16:01Z","timestamp":1580343361000},"page":"689-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Perfluoroalkyl Substances Increase Susceptibility of Northern Leopard Frog Tadpoles to Trematode Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sophia R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Wesley","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4002-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason T.","family":"Hoverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.04.022","article-title":"Larval amphibians rapidly bioaccumulate poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances","volume":"178","author":"Abercrombie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1897\/03-667","article-title":"Partial life-cycle toxicity and bioconcentration modeling of perfluorooctanesulfonate in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)","volume":"23","author":"Ankley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1897\/04-634R.1","article-title":"Reproductive and developmental toxicity and bioconcentration of perfluorooctanesulfonate in a partial life-cycle test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)","volume":"24","author":"Ankley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-4642.2003.00015.x","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation, toxic chemicals and amphibian population declines","volume":"9","author":"Blaustein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Divers Distrib"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0132832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132832","article-title":"Effects of pesticide mixtures on host-pathogen dynamics of the amphibian chytrid fungus","volume":"10","author":"Buck","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1021\/es405776m","article-title":"Immunomodulation in post-metamorphic northern leopard frogs, Lithobates pipiens, following larval exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether","volume":"48","author":"Cary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.021101081","article-title":"Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size","volume":"110","author":"Cavieres","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2003.11.007","article-title":"Effects of agricultural pesticides on the immune system of Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens","volume":"67","author":"Christin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01065834","article-title":"Hepatic activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and biliary levels of xenobiotics in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to environmental contaminants","volume":"20","author":"Collier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.48.3.235","article-title":"Diseases of amphibians","volume":"48","author":"Densmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp040","article-title":"Suppression of humoral immunity by perfluorooctanoic acid is independent of elevated serum corticosterone concentration in mice","volume":"109","author":"Dewitt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200005527X","article-title":"Effect of copper and zinc upon the survival and infectivity of Echinoparyphium recurvatum cercariae","volume":"85","author":"Evans","year":"1982","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2122","article-title":"Associations between perfluoroalkyl compounds and immune and clinical chemistry parameters in highly exposed bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)","volume":"32","author":"Fair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0014","first-page":"183","article-title":"A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification","volume":"16","author":"Gosner","year":"1960","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.2034","article-title":"Serum vaccine antibody concentrations in children exposed to perfluorinated compounds","volume":"307","author":"Grandjean","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/1547691X.2012.755580","article-title":"Pre-natal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may be associated with altered vaccine antibody levels and immune-related health outcomes in early childhood","volume":"10","author":"Granum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.687","article-title":"Effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on influenza A virus-induced mortality in female B6C3F1 mice","volume":"34","author":"Guruge","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00229.x","article-title":"Echinostome infection in green frogs (Rana clamitans) is stage and age dependent","volume":"271","author":"Holland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.7b00339","article-title":"Uptake and depuration of four per\/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASS) in northern leopard frog Rana pipiens tadpoles","volume":"4","author":"Hoover","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001894","article-title":"Population-specific toxicity of six insecticides to the trematode Echinoparyphium sp.","volume":"143","author":"Hua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.01.017","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate accumulation and parasite infestation in a field population of the amphipod Monoporeia affinis after microcosm exposure","volume":"98","author":"Jacobson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1890\/10-0570.1","article-title":"Parasite competition hidden by correlated coinfection: Using surveys and experiments to understand parasite interactions","volume":"92","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9006","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201790109","article-title":"Parasite diversity and coinfection determine pathogen infection success and host fitness","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5415.802","article-title":"The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship","volume":"284","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-0133-x","article-title":"Perfluorinated compounds in aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in a Great Lakes food chain","volume":"48","author":"Kannan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-009-0234-0","article-title":"Combined effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on susceptibility of the tiger salamander to Ambystoma tigrinum virus","volume":"6","author":"Kerby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152098899","article-title":"Synergism between trematode infection and pesticide exposure: A link to amphibian limb deformities in nature?","volume":"99","author":"Kiesecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1897\/07-659.1","article-title":"Concentrations and patterns of perfluoroalkyl acids in Georgia, USA surface waters near and distant to a major use source","volume":"27","author":"Konwick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-624R.1","article-title":"Effects of atrazine on cercarial longevity, activity, and infectivity","volume":"92","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Parasitol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6154-6","article-title":"Endocrine and immune responses of larval amphibians to trematode exposure","volume":"118","author":"Koprivnikar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0031","first-page":"3700","article-title":"Experimental infection dynamics: Using immunosuppression and in vivo parasite tracking to understand host resistance in an amphibian-trematode system","volume":"216","author":"LaFonte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4060","article-title":"Immunotoxicity in green mussels under perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure: Reversible response and response model development","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9758","DOI":"10.1021\/es202078n","article-title":"Novel perspectives on the bioaccumulation of PFCs\u2014The concentration dependency","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2661","article-title":"Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in human tissues by liquid chromatography\/single quadrupole mass spectrometry","volume":"20","author":"Maestri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.11.002","article-title":"Combined effects of parasites and contaminants on animal health: Parasites do matter","volume":"27","author":"Marcogliese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1021\/es034727+","article-title":"Identification of long-chain perfluorinated acids in biota from the Canadian Arctic","volume":"38","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1897\/1551-5028(2003)022<0189:DAOPAI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Dietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1021\/es404008g","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of perfluorinated alkyl acids: Observations and models","volume":"48","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1840.1","article-title":"Moderate Echinostoma trivolvis infection has no effects on physiology and fitness-related traits of larval pickerel frogs (Rana palustris)","volume":"95","author":"Orlofske","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2014.05.031","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wild freshwater fish from rivers in the Pearl River Delta region, South China","volume":"107","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.11.086","article-title":"Reciprocal effects of pesticides and pathogens on amphibian hosts: The importance of exposure order and timing","volume":"221","author":"Pochini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002560","article-title":"Immediate and lag effects of pesticide exposure on parasite resistance in larval amphibians","volume":"144","author":"Pochini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.06.010","article-title":"High-dose, short-term exposure of mice to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) affects the number of circulating neutrophils differently, but enhances the inflammatory responses of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a similar fashion","volume":"262","author":"Qazi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0044","author":"R Core Development Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-010-1776-0","article-title":"Does the early frog catch the worm? Disentangling potential drivers of a parasite age-intensity relationship in tadpoles","volume":"165","author":"Raffel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-321R","article-title":"Effects of copper sulfate toxicity on cercariae and metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni and Echinostoma trivolvis and on the survival of Biomphalaria glabrata snails","volume":"90","author":"Reddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.12.004","article-title":"Persistent alterations in immune cell populations and function from a single dose of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in C57Bl\/6 mice","volume":"100","author":"Rockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1429.1","article-title":"Understanding the net effects of pesticides on amphibian trematode infections","volume":"18","author":"Rohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07281","article-title":"Agrochemicals increase trematode infections in a declining amphibian species","volume":"455","author":"Rohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13253","article-title":"Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities","volume":"22","author":"Rumschlag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0051","author":"Schell","year":"1985"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0475:ROTSTL]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Relationship of tadpole stage to location of Echinostome cercariae encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival","volume":"89","author":"Schotthoefer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-005-1188-z","article-title":"Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl surfactants in water, fish, and birds from New York State","volume":"50","author":"Sinclair","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6821","article-title":"Survivorship patterns of larval amphibians exposed to low concentrations of atrazine","volume":"112","author":"Storrs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1050","article-title":"Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses","volume":"33","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.5.2056","article-title":"Prostate enlargement in mice due to fetal exposure to low doses of estradiol or diethylstilbestrol and opposite effects at high doses","volume":"95","author":"Vom Saal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12665","article-title":"The benefits of coinfection: Trematodes alter disease outcomes associated with virus infection","volume":"86","author":"Wuerthner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"2025010313401524900_etc4678-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01367.x","article-title":"Effects of peroxisome proliferators on the thymus and spleen of mice","volume":"122","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.4678","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/etc.4678","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/etc.4678","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/40\/3\/689\/59785625\/etc4678.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/40\/3\/689\/59785625\/etc4678.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T14:24:12Z","timestamp":1735914252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/40\/3\/689\/7734455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.4678","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}