{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:48:10Z","timestamp":1791287290412,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1636,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004591","name":"Kansainv\u00e4lisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteisty\u00f6n Keskus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013914","name":"Maa- ja Vesitekniikan Tuki Ry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013914","name":"Maa- ja Vesitekniikan Tuki Ry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007360","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r \u00c5bo Akademi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004591","name":"Kansainv\u00e4lisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteisty\u00f6n Keskus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004591","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007360","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r \u00c5bo Akademi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) are regarded as one of the main sources of antibiotics in the environment. In the present study, the concentrations of multiple antibiotics and their metabolites belonging to 5 antibiotic classes were determined in 3 major Finnish WWTPs. An online solid phase extraction\u2013liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry method was used for the extraction and analysis of the compounds. The method was fully validated using real and synthetic wastewaters. Seven antibiotics and 3 metabolites were found in the analyzed samples. Sulfonamides were removed most efficiently, whereas macrolides usually showed negative removal efficiency during the treatment, which means that the concentrations for individual antibiotics determined in the effluent samples were higher than in the influent samples. Sulfadiazine was found at concentrations up to 1018\u2009ng\/L, which was the highest concentration of any of the detected antibiotics in influent. In the effluent samples, the highest mean concentration was found for trimethoprim (532\u2009ng\/L). The measured mass loads of the antibiotics and metabolites to the receiving waters ranged from 2 to 157\u2009mg\/d per 1000 population equivalent. The evaluated environmental risk assessment showed that clarithromycin and erythromycin might pose a risk to the environment. The present study further underlines the importance of implementing technology for efficient removal of xenobiotics during wastewater treatment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1774\u20131789. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T16:38:56Z","timestamp":1592411936000},"page":"1774-1789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Occurrence of Antibiotics in Influent and Effluent from 3 Major Wastewater-Treatment Plants in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina","family":"Kortesm\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny R.","family":"\u00d6stman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Meierjohann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny-Maria","family":"Brozinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Kronberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, \u00c5bo Akademi University Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.07.002","article-title":"Early responses measured in the brachyuran crab Carcinus maenas exposed to carbamazepine and novobiocin: Application of a 2-tier approach","volume":"97","author":"Aguirre-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.04.027","article-title":"Removal of emerging micropollutants by activated sludge process and membrane bioreactors and the effects of micropollutants on membrane fouling: A review","volume":"5","author":"Besha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/10807030802235078","article-title":"Exposure assessment of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in the aquatic environment: Application to the French situation and preliminary prioritization","volume":"14","author":"Besse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Risk Assess"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.030","article-title":"Pilot study of seasonal occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and drug resistant bacteria in wastewater treatment plants in Slovakia","volume":"15","author":"Biro\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.276","article-title":"Pharmaceutical residues are widespread in Baltic Sea coastal and offshore waters\u2014Screening for pharmaceuticals and modelling of environmental concentrations of carbamazepine","volume":"633","author":"Bj\u00f6rlenius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.14210\/bjast.v10n2.p29-51","article-title":"Ecotoxicity of selected pharmaceuticals of urban origin discharged to the Saint-Lawrence River (Qu\u00e9bec, Canada): A review","volume":"10","author":"Blaise","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz J Aquat Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.07.082","article-title":"Contaminants of emerging concern in the open sea waters of the western Mediterranean","volume":"229","author":"Brumovsk\u00fd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-015-1656-8","article-title":"Acute toxicity and environmental risks of five veterinary pharmaceuticals for aquatic macroinvertebrates","volume":"96","author":"Bundschuh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.02.086","article-title":"Trace determination of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics in surface water and urban wastewater using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1115","author":"Cha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1897\/07-143.1","article-title":"Occurrences and ecological risks of roxithromycin, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol in the Han River, Korea","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0011","author":"Commission of the European Communities","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2004.10.038","article-title":"Ecosystem response to antibiotics entering the aquatic environment","volume":"51","author":"Costanzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101448","article-title":"The binding of sulfonamide drugs by plasma proteins. A factor in determining the distribution of drugs in the body","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"1943","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.09.118","article-title":"Fate of antibiotics from hospital and domestic sources in a sewage network","volume":"575","author":"Dinh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0015","author":"DrugBank","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0016","author":"European Commission","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.410","article-title":"Concentration and reduction of antibiotic residues in selected wastewater treatment plants and receiving waterbodies in Durban, South Africa","volume":"678","author":"Faleye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0018","author":"Fimea","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1021\/es048550a","article-title":"Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment","volume":"39","author":"G\u00f6bel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.03.132","article-title":"Seasonal changes in antibiotics, antidepressants\/psychiatric drugs, antihistamines and lipid regulators in a wastewater treatment plant","volume":"111","author":"Golovko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.04.011","article-title":"Comparing the sensitivity of algal, cyanobacterial and bacterial bioassays to different groups of antibiotics","volume":"80","author":"Grinten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.008","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of antibiotic, analgesic\/antiinflammatory, and antifungal compounds in five wastewater treatment processes","volume":"473\u2013474","author":"Guerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01918","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01918-14","article-title":"Selection of a multidrug resistance plasmid by sublethal levels of antibiotics and heavy metals","volume":"5","author":"Gullberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EM00314D","article-title":"Wastewater micropollutants as tracers of sewage contamination: Analysis of combined sewer overflow and stream sediments","volume":"16","author":"Hajj-Mohamad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.12.018","article-title":"The antidepressant drug carbamazepine induces differential transcriptome expression in the brain of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","volume":"151","author":"Hampel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1021\/ac015588m","article-title":"Determination of persistent tetracycline residues in soil fertilized with liquid manure by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"74","author":"Hamscher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.003","article-title":"Presence of antibiotic residues in various environmental compartments of Shandong province in eastern China: Its potential for resistance development and ecological and human risk","volume":"114","author":"Hanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2018.12.014","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of carbamazepine-N-glucuronide and carbamazepine phase I metabolites in the wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"145","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.03.007","article-title":"Contribution of effluents from hospitals and private households to the total loads of diclofenac and carbamazepine in municipal sewage effluents\u2014Modeling versus measurements","volume":"122","author":"Heberer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0030","author":"Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00337-4","article-title":"Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment","volume":"225","author":"Hirsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s002449900435","article-title":"Algal toxicity of antibacterial agents applied in Danish fish farming","volume":"36","author":"Holten-L\u00fctzh\u00f8ft","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.11.017","article-title":"Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of six antibiotics on non-target organisms","volume":"346","author":"Isidori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2441","article-title":"Worldwide estimation of river concentrations of any chemical originating from sewage treatment plants using dilution factors","volume":"33","author":"Keller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.227","article-title":"Acute toxicity of pharmaceutical and personal care products on freshwater crustacean (Thamnocephalus platyurus) and fish (Oryzias latipes)","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-010-0412-2","article-title":"Occurrence and environmental fate of veterinary antibiotics in the terrestrial environment","volume":"214","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060180","article-title":"Antibiotic pollution in the environment: From microbial ecology to public policy","volume":"7","author":"Kraemer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.130","article-title":"Performance of secondary wastewater treatment methods for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern implicated in crop uptake and antibiotic resistance spread: A review","volume":"648","author":"Krzeminski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086","article-title":"Antibiotics in the aquatic environment\u2014A review\u2014Part I","volume":"75","author":"K\u00fcmmerer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0041","first-page":"72","article-title":"Paras k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kelpoinen tekniikka (BAT) Yhdyskuntien j\u00e4tevedenpuhdistamot","volume":"3","author":"Laitinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Suomen Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2175\/106143011X12989211841052","article-title":"Toward long solids retention time of activated sludge processes: Benefits in energy saving, effluent quality, and stability","volume":"84","author":"Leu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Environ Res"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1021\/es048143z","article-title":"Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden","volume":"39","author":"Lindberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2018.01.006","article-title":"Progress of research on the toxicology of antibiotic pollution in aquatic organisms","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23438","article-title":"Human metapneumovirus associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children in Beijing, China","volume":"85","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2012.02.007","article-title":"The toxicity potential of pharmaceuticals found in the Douro River estuary (Portugal): Evaluation of impacts on fish liver, by histopathology, stereology, vitellogenin and CYP1A immunohistochemistry, after sub-acute exposures of the zebrafish model","volume":"34","author":"Madureira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0047","first-page":"275","article-title":"Characterization of the metabolites of carbamazepine in patient urine by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"25","author":"Maggs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.049","article-title":"Representative input load of antibiotics to WWTPs: Predictive accuracy and determination of a required sampling quantity","volume":"76","author":"Marx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0050","volume-title":"American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information","author":"McEvoy","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8692","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-8588-2","article-title":"An online SPE LC-MS\/MS method for the analysis of antibiotics in environmental water","volume":"24","author":"Meierjohann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3178","article-title":"Derivation of water quality standards for carbamazepine, metoprolol, and metformin and comparison with monitoring data","volume":"35","author":"Moermond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.06.047","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in WWTPs in India and comparison with a similar study in the United States","volume":"159","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6720","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY01695B","article-title":"A multiresidue analytical method for trace level determination of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in wastewater and surface water using SPE-LC-MS\/MS and matrix-matched standards","volume":"8","author":"Ngumba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)83353-8","article-title":"Determination of trimethoprim metabolites including conjugates in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with combined ultraviolet and electrochemical detection","volume":"305","author":"Nordholm","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-48-3-449","article-title":"The action of cephaloridine with cloxacillin or methicillin against beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria","volume":"48","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0057","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.047","article-title":"Seasonal occurrence, removal, mass loading and environmental risk assessment of 55 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in central Greece","volume":"543","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.179","article-title":"Temporal variations and trends in loads of commonly used pharmaceuticals to large wastewater treatment plants in Sweden, a case study (Ryaverket)","volume":"73","author":"Pax\u00e9us","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206446","article-title":"Management options for reducing the release of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes to the environment","volume":"121","author":"Pruden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.02.009","article-title":"P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus koreanus: Molecular characterization and expression in response to pharmaceuticals","volume":"114","author":"Rhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0062","first-page":"1","article-title":"Priority substances and emerging organic pollutants in Portuguese aquatic environment: A review","volume":"238","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.032","article-title":"Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: A review","volume":"447","author":"Rizzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105733","article-title":"Antibiotic residues in final effluents of European wastewater treatment plants and their impact on the aquatic environment","volume":"140","author":"Rodriguez-Mozaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0065","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology: Therapeutic Principles in Practice","author":"Rongkavilit","year":"2010","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.06.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the matrix effect of different sample matrices for 33 pharmaceuticals by post-column infusion","volume":"1000","author":"Rossmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0067","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Prevalence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in a wastewater effluent receiving river in The Netherlands","volume":"8","author":"Sabri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(92)90411-K","article-title":"Long-range changes in oxytetracycline concentration and bacterial resistance toward oxytetracycline in a fish farm sediment after medication","volume":"114","author":"Samuelsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.05.053","article-title":"Antibiotic residues and endocrine disrupting compounds in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Rome, Italy","volume":"48","author":"Spataro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0070","author":"SRC PhysProp Database","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0071","author":"Tampereen Seudun Keskuspuhdistamo Oy"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136916","article-title":"Sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim ratio as a new marker in raw wastewaters: A critical review","volume":"715","author":"Thiebault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.029","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants from different geographical regions\u2014A review","volume":"133","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-013-1108-3","article-title":"Carbamazepine-mediated pro-oxidant effects on the unicellular marine algal species Dunaliella tertiolecta and the hemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis","volume":"8","author":"Tsiaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0075","author":"Turun seudun puhdistamo Oy"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.12.046","article-title":"Development, validation and application of an ultra high performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of five different classes of veterinary antibiotics in swine manure","volume":"1429","author":"Van den Meersche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0077","first-page":"277","article-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: Causes and threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm Ther J"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.020","article-title":"What have we learned from worldwide experiences on the management and treatment of hospital effluent?\u2014An overview and a discussion on perspectives","volume":"514","author":"Verlicchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0079","author":"Von Sperling","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.21843","article-title":"Toxicity evaluation of \u03b2-diketone antibiotics on the development of embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00443-9","article-title":"Acute and chronic toxicity of veterinary antibiotics to Daphnia magna","volume":"40","author":"Wollenberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0082","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Growth-inhibiting effects of 12 antibacterial agents and their mixtures on the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2014.06.022","article-title":"Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"26","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380903392692","article-title":"Occurrence, transformation, and fate of antibiotics in municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010314123276400_etc4805-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.03.001","article-title":"Identification of the pharmaceuticals for human use contaminating the Italian aquatic environment","volume":"122","author":"Zuccato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.4805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/etc.4805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/etc.4805","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/39\/9\/1774\/59780511\/etc4805.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/39\/9\/1774\/59780511\/etc4805.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1735897988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/39\/9\/1774\/7735653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.4805","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}