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The present study aimed to determine upper critical threshold values of Zn phytotoxicity in a substrate spiked with ZnCO3 and to compare them with those obtained in field-collected soils. We studied Zn toxicity to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in pots with unpolluted peat treated with increasing concentrations of ZnCO3 that produced nominal total Zn concentrations of 0, 0.7, 1.3, 2.0, 2.6, and 3.3%. To keep constant near-neutral pH value in all the treatments, we used decreasing concentrations of dolomitic lime. In the treatment with total soil Zn of 3.3% (pH 6.8), the foliar Zn concentration of L. perenne was 1914\u2009\u00b1\u2009211\u2009mg\u2009kg\u20131, falling into the range of 2400\u2009\u00b1\u2009300\u2009mg\u2009kg\u20131 reported for Lolium species grown under similar laboratory conditions in a polluted soil (total soil Zn 5.4%, pH 7.3) collected near a Zn smelter. The value of 92\u2009\u00b1\u200998\u2009mg\u2009kg\u20131 was obtained for the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.01\u2009M KNO3-extractable Zn using the responses of shoot dry biomass, shoot length, and total pigments. This value falls within the range of 95\u2009\u00b1\u200946\u2009mg\u2009kg\u20131 reported in other studies for the EC50 values of salt-extractable Zn using field-collected soils. The application of ZnCO3 for spiking was able to mimic foliar Zn concentrations of Lolium species observed in field-collected soils. The effective concentrations of soil Zn obtained in the present study are comparable to those obtained in field-collected soils. Future research should determine effective concentrations of metals using soils spiked with metal-containing compounds that mimic a real source of contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1790\u20131796. \u00a9 2020 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T22:06:16Z","timestamp":1593295576000},"page":"1790-1796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Use of Zinc Carbonate Spiking to Obtain Phytotoxicity Thresholds Comparable to Those in Field-Collected Soils"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Grigorita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems RUDN University Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1819-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Neaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda Agraria y Suelos Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y 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