{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:09:14Z","timestamp":1790615354675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonicotinoids are a widely used class of pesticides. Co-exposure to neonicotinoids and other classes of pesticides can exert potentiating or synergistic effects, and these mixtures have been detected in human bodily fluids. The present review summarizes studies into the effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures on humans and other nontarget organisms. Exposure to these mixtures has been reported to result in reproductive and hormonal toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in vertebrates. Mortality of pollinators and toxicity in other organisms has also been reported. The underlying mechanism of pesticide mixture toxicity may be associated with impairment of cytochrome 450 enzymes, which are involved in metabolizing pesticides. However, a comprehensive explanation of the adverse effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures is still required so that effective prevention and control measures can be formulated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1884\u20131893. \u00a9 2020 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T17:51:53Z","timestamp":1600278713000},"page":"1884-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Toxicities of Neonicotinoid-Containing Pesticide Mixtures on Nontarget Organisms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Guo-Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Wang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Zhu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa-Zheng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Fang","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 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