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Being a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem could disrupt the function of the sensory and central nervous systems. In the present study, using electro-olfactography (EOG), we investigated the interaction of diltiazem with the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of rainbow trout by looking into the detection threshold and effects of immediate (~5\u2009min) and acute (24\u2009h) exposure to diltiazem at 6.6, 66, and 660\u2009\u00b5g\/L. We also studied the accumulation of the drug in fish plasma and whole body. Brief exposure to diltiazem impaired the OSN response to a chemosensory stimulus in a concentration-dependent manner at 6.6\u2009\u00b5g\/L and higher, whereas OSNs exposed for 24\u2009h only displayed an impairment at 660\u2009\u00b5g\/L. Chemical analysis showed that the accumulation of diltiazem in fish plasma and body correlated with the EOG response because it was 10 times higher in the group that displayed a significant impairment (660\u2009\u00b5g\/L) compared to the other 2 groups (6.6, 66\u2009\u00b5g\/L). This correlation suggests that the impact of diltiazem on OSNs might partially be through the accumulated molecules in the fish bloodstream. Fish did not detect diltiazem as a sensory stimulus even at concentrations as high as 660\u2009\u00b5g\/L; thus, fish could potentially swim toward or fail to escape harmful concentrations of diltiazem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:554\u2013550. \u00a9 2020 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1598594566000},"page":"544-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interaction of the Olfactory System of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/i>) with Diltiazem"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Lari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell & Systems Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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