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The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is a top predator with a small home range and is sensitive to disturbances; it has been designated as a sentinel species for the potential impacts of the natural resource exploitation on freshwater ecosystems in the Alberta Oil Sands Region. With an increasing interest in noninvasive biomarkers, recent studies suggest that gut microbiota can be used as a potential biomarker of early biological effects on aquatic wildlife. The goal of the present study was to determine the river otter gut microbial structure related to environmental variables characterizing mining activities and metal body burden. We obtained 18 trapped animals from and surrounding the surface mineable area of the Alberta Oil Sands Region. The gut microbial community structure was characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. Trace metal concentrations in the liver were measured by inductively coupled plasma\u2013mass spectrometry. Our study revealed that the gut bacteria of river otters in the Alberta Oil Sands Region clustered in 4 groups dominated by Peptostreptococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Nostocaceae. We show that arsenic, barium, rubidium, liver-body weight ratio, and \u03b415N were associated with each cluster. When comparing affected versus less affected sites, we show that river otter gut bacterial community and structure are significantly related to trophic level of the river otter but not to Alberta Oil Sands Region mining activities. Our study reveals that the gut bacterial dynamics can provide insights into the diet and habitat use of river otters but that more work is needed to use it as a pollution biomarker. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2516\u20132526. \u00a9 2020 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T14:34:07Z","timestamp":1600439647000},"page":"2516-2526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Gut Microbial Community Structure of the North American River Otter (<i>Lontra canadensis<\/i>) in the Alberta Oil Sands Region in Canada: Relationship with Local Environmental Variables and Metal Body Burden"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3651-1403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galen","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Eccles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4351-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hing Man","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0488-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre J.","family":"Poulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010314025598600_etc4876-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4249","article-title":"The gut microbiome and aquatic toxicology: An emerging concept for environmental health","volume":"37","author":"Adamovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010314025598600_etc4876-bib-0071","author":"Alberta Energy Regulator","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025010314025598600_etc4876-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0472","article-title":"Comparison of 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