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In Australia, shooting for animal control is widespread, and a range of native scavenging species are susceptible to lead exposure. However, the prevalence of lead exposure in Australia's scavenging and predatory birds is largely unknown. We evaluated the degree to which the Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax fleayi), an endangered Australian raptor and facultative scavenger, showed evidence of lead exposure. We detected lead in 100% of femur and liver tissues of 109 eagle carcasses opportunistically collected throughout Tasmania between 1996 and 2018. Concentrations were elevated in 10% of 106 liver (&amp;gt;6\u2009mg\/kg\u2009dry\u2009wt) and 4% of 108 femur (&amp;gt;10\u2009mg\/kg\u2009dry\u2009wt) samples. We also detected lead in 96% of blood samples taken from 24 live nestlings, with 8% at elevated concentrations (&amp;gt;10\u2009\u03bcg\/dL). Of the liver samples with elevated lead, 73% had lead207\/206 isotope ratios within the published range of lead-based bullets available in Tasmania. These first comprehensive data on lead exposure of an Australian raptor are comparable to those for raptor studies elsewhere that identify lead-based ammunition exposure as a conservation threat. Our findings highlight the importance of further research and efforts to address lead contamination throughout the Tasmanian ecosystem and in other Australian regions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:219\u2013230. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T17:08:48Z","timestamp":1603386528000},"page":"219-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High Frequency of Lead Exposure in the Population of an Endangered Australian Top Predator, the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (<i>Aquila audax fleayi<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Pay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd E.","family":"Katzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, US Geological Survey Boise Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare E.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia J.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Practices Authority Hobart Tasmania Australia"},{"name":"School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Wiersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Practices Authority Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Hobart Tasmania 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