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In the present study, Bufo gargarizans were exposed to 0, 52, 104, 208, and 416\u2009\u03bcg\/L Cr (VI) from Gosner stage 2 until metamorphosis; and growth, development, and histological characteristics of the thyroid gland and skeletal ossification were examined. The results demonstrated that the survival rate of larvae exposed to Cr (VI) was not different from that measured in animals from the control group. However, high levels of Cr (VI) (104, 208, and 416\u2009\u03bcg\/L) were associated with significantly delayed growth and development. The suppression of skeletal ossification was observed at high Cr (VI) levels. Besides, histological alterations of the thyroid gland, such as follicular cell hyperplasia, colloid depletion, and peripheral colloid vacuolation, were found in 52 to 416\u2009\u03bcg\/L Cr (VI) treatments. The results of the present study highlight reductions in growth and development as well as percent metamorphosis and skeletal ossification due to histological alteration of the thyroid gland during exposure to Cr (VI) in B. gargarizans larvae. The present investigation could provide a basis for understanding the detrimental effects of Cr (VI) in amphibian larvae. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2474\u20132483. \u00a9 2021 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T14:42:28Z","timestamp":1621348948000},"page":"2474-2483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Inhibition of Metamorphosis, Thyroid Gland, and Skeletal Ossification Induced by Hexavalent Chromium in <i>Bufo gargarizans<\/i> Larvae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Wenxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi'an China"},{"name":"School of Water and Environment Chang'an University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi'an China"},{"name":"School of Water and Environment Chang'an University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aixia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi'an China"},{"name":"School of Water and Environment Chang'an University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi'an China"},{"name":"School of Water and Environment Chang'an University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education Chang'an University Xi'an China"},{"name":"School of Water and Environment Chang'an University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010313431489900_etc5114-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00207238408710146","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of chromium (VI) in environment as evidenced by the impact on larvae of amphibian Rana tigrina: Implications in the environmental management of chromium","volume":"23","author":"Abbasi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Environ 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