{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:41:28Z","timestamp":1791409288723,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1111,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pesticide use poses a potential hazard to wild birds that use agricultural farmland as their foraging habitat. Whereas most current pesticide studies have found residues in liver samples and single active substances, noninvasive sampling methods and data on a wide variety of agrochemicals are needed to determine pesticide exposure of living wild birds for postregistration monitoring. We collected feces during autumn migration of Eurasian skylarks (Alauda arvensis), a species that commonly forages in winter cereal crops. Birds were kept in paper bags until we measured their body condition, individually marked and released them. We analyzed the feces dropped in paper bags for the presence of 80 pesticides including rodenticides and degradation products. Nine active substances from fungicides and herbicides commonly used in grain and maize fields were detected individually, or in combination, in 25% of the samples. We found no significant differences in body condition between exposed and unexposed birds, but Eurasian skylarks without pesticide residues had a better body condtion score on average than birds with pesticide residues. Pesticide determination in noninvasively collected fecal samples allows a refined risk analysis, which takes pesticides used in the habitats of birds into account. It allows the search for the sources of pesticide contamination, but also enables research into potential deleterious effects on the fitness of farmland birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:201\u2013207. \u00a9 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T10:01:22Z","timestamp":1637834482000},"page":"201-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Noninvasively Collected Fecal Samples as Indicators of Multiple Pesticide Exposure in Wild Birds"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8047-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Esther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research Julius K\u00fchn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Schenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection Julius K\u00fchn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Landscape Ecology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010313385704100_etc5260-bib-0001","author":"Adama Agricultural Solutions","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025010313385704100_etc5260-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110602","article-title":"Linking landscape composition and biological factors with exposure levels of rodenticides and agrochemicals in avian apex predators from Germany","volume":"193","author":"Badry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"2025010313385704100_etc5260-bib-0003","author":"Bairlein","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025010313385704100_etc5260-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2004.00347.x","article-title":"Evidence for the indirect effects of pesticides on farmland birds","volume":"146","author":"Boatman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2025010313385704100_etc5260-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4112","article-title":"Selecting appropriate focal species for assessing the risk to birds from newly drilled pesticide-treated winter cereal fields in France","volume":"15","author":"Bonneris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management"},{"key":"2025010313385704100_etc5260-bib-0006","volume-title":"Anticoagulant rodenticides and wildlife. 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