{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:35:21Z","timestamp":1771475721573,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":651,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA) is a key in vivo endocrine screen to investigate chemicals with potential thyroid activity. The test guidelines and associated guidance consider that treatment-related effects on thyroid gland histomorphology automatically result in the assay being considered positive for thyroid activity, independent of the direction of change or conflicting results in the other biological endpoints. An AMA study was conducted with five different feeding rations equivalent to 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, and 5% of the recommended feeding rate. Biological endpoints relating to growth and development, including thyroid gland histopathology, were evaluated, and the specificity of these endpoints for the determination of thyroid activity was assessed. There was no effect on survival or clinical signs of toxicity. Effects related to feed reduction generally occurred in a feeding ration\u2013response manner and included reduced development stage; reduced body weight and body length metrics; decreased prevalence of thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and the occurrence of thyroid atrophy; reduced liver vacuolation; and the occurrence of liver atrophy. The results indicate that treatment-related histopathological changes in the AMA can be induced by Non-chemical factors; therefore histopathological results are not necessarily diagnostically specific for chemically induced thyroid endocrine activity. Consequently, the interpretation of data from AMA studies should be adjusted accordingly. We recommend that the decision logic presented in the test guidelines and associated guidance be changed to reflect a requirement for directional agreement between the thyroid histopathology findings and the growth and developmental endpoints before it is concluded that a test substance has thyroid endocrine activity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1061\u20131074. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Abstract<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Tadpoles were fed 50, 30, 20, 10 and 5% of the recommended feeding rations. Reduced development stage; body weight and length metrics; decreased prevalence of thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and the occurrence of thyroid atrophy were noted in response. Data derived from this study indicate that treatment-related histopathological changes in the AMA can be induced by non-chemical factors; therefore, histopathologic results are not necessarily diagnostically specific for chemically-induced thyroid endocrine activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T18:09:14Z","timestamp":1677521354000},"page":"1061-1074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay Dietary Restriction Study: Lessons for Data Interpretation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Marini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithers Wareham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1901-0634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology Laboratories Sterling Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Mingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corteva Agriscience M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee E.","family":"Sayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithers Wareham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Y.","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithers Wareham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corteva Agriscience Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2025010313383876700_etc5596-bib-0001","first-page":"eo5311","article-title":"Annex A\u2014Use of the XETA in the assessment strategy of the ECHA\/EFSA Guidance. 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