{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:25:26Z","timestamp":1778783126977,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Vitellogenin (VTG), an egg yolk precursor, is abnormally produced by male and juvenile oviparous species after exposure to estrogens. Plasma VTG in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) helped us understand their reproductive maturation and investigate it as a biomarker of contaminant exposure. The presence of VTG was screened in plasma from 404 loggerheads from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean using a freshwater turtle antibody in western blots. The concentrations of VTG were semiquantified using band intensities calibrated to results from a loggerhead antibody enzyme-linked immunoassay. The detection and concentrations of VTG were in (from highest to lowest): nesting females, in-water adult females, subadult females, smaller females, unknown sex, and males. Loggerheads from this region begin vitellogenesis at \u224577\u2009cm straight carapace length. We classified VTG expression as abnormal in nine male or juvenile turtles. Organochlorine contaminant (OC) concentrations were measured in blood and\/or fat biopsies of some turtles. One abnormal VTG female had the second highest fat polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and 4,4\u2032-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations compared among 43 VTG-negative juveniles. The nine VTG-abnormal turtles had average blood PCB concentrations 8.5% higher, but not significantly different, than 46 VTG-negative juveniles (p\u2009=\u20090.453). In turtles less than 77\u2009cm, blood PCB concentrations were significantly, but weakly, correlated with semiquantified VTG concentrations (tau\u2009=\u20090.1, p\u2009=\u20090.004). Greater blood OC concentrations were found in adult females than in males, which motivated the creation of a conceptual model of OC, VTG, and hormone concentrations across a reproductive cycle. A decision tree is also provided incorporating VTG as a sexing tool. Abnormal VTG expression cannot conclusively be linked to endocrine disruption caused by these OC concentrations. Studies should further investigate causes of abnormal VTG expression in wild sea turtles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1309\u20131325. \u00a9 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T06:37:11Z","timestamp":1679380631000},"page":"1309-1325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using Plasma Vitellogenin in Loggerhead Sea Turtles to Assess Reproductive Maturation and Estrogen-Like Contaminant Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Raquel N.","family":"Corniuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawaii Pacific University Waimanalo Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Marine Laboratory Beaufort North Carolina USA"},{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Waimanalo Hawaii USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Resources Division South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Braun-McNeill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Beaufort North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Charleston Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rold\u00e1n A.","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Turtle Conservancy Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond 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