{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:00:30Z","timestamp":1777532430975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,2]],"date-time":"2009-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3685,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The mineralization of [7-14C]benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soil was investigated in response to additions of individual hydrocarbons, defined hydrocarbon mixtures, crude oil, and crude oil fractions. Neither substantial BaP mineralization nor enrichment of BaP degraders occurred in BaP\u2014spiked soil in the absence of a suitable hydrocarbon supplement. Crude oil, the saturated and aromatic class components of crude oil, the distillates heating oil, jet fuel, and diesel fuel supported up to 60% mineralization of 80 \u03bcg [7-14C]BaP per gram of soil in 40 d. Neither single hydrocarbons nor defined hydrocarbon mixtures containing normal and branched alkanes, alicyclics, and aromatics supported comparable BaP mineralization. Evolution of 14CO2 occurred after lag periods characteristic to specific petroleum products and their concentrations. Time required for microbial proliferation, hydrocarbon toxicity, and competitive inhibition might have contributed to these lag periods, but the complete inhibition of BaP mineralization by dieselfuel vapors pointed to a dominant role of competitive inhibition. A lack of radiocarbon incorporation into soil biomass from [7-14C]BaP indicated that at least the initial steps of BaP biodegradation in soil were cometabolic in nature. Suitable hydrocarbon mixtures not only supported BaP mineralization by serving as primary substrates, but also enhanced BaP bioavailability by dissolving this hydrophobic solid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620181010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,17]],"date-time":"2010-03-17T02:56:09Z","timestamp":1268794569000},"page":"2186-2190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Cometabolic mineralization of benzo[<i>a<\/i>]pyrene caused by hydrocarbon additions to soil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Robert A","family":"Kanaly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903\u22120231, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903\u22120231, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.11.4511-4515.1997","article-title":"Biodegradation of [14C]benzo[a]pyrene added in crude oil to uncontaminated soil","volume":"63","author":"Kanaly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00129093","article-title":"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"3","author":"Cerniglia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-1669(93)90104-5","article-title":"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"4","author":"Cerniglia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib4","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Microbial Transformation and Degradation of Toxic Organic Chemicals","author":"Sutherland","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib5","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Environmental fate mechanisms influencing biological degradation of coal\u2014tar derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in soil systems","author":"Smith","year":"1989"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-196507000-00011","article-title":"Features of a flask and method for measuring the persistence and biological effects of pesticides in soils","volume":"100","author":"Bartha","year":"1965","journal-title":"Soil Sci"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(88)90014-4","article-title":"A direct extraction method to estimate soil microbial C: Calibration in situ using microbial respiration and 14C\u2014labeled cells","volume":"20","author":"Sparling","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.7.2411-2415.1996","article-title":"Metabolic efficiency and turnover of soil microbial communities in biodegradation tests","volume":"62","author":"Shen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.7.2311-2316.1996","article-title":"Solvent\u2014augmented mineralization of pyrene by a Mycobacterium sp","volume":"62","author":"Jimenez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1021\/es00165a007","article-title":"Persistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: Entrapment in intraparticle micropores","volume":"21","author":"Steinberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1021\/es00002a033","article-title":"Effect of aging of chemicals in soil on their biodegradability and extractability","volume":"29","author":"Hatzinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160327","article-title":"Declining bioavailability and inappropriate estimation of risk of persistent compounds","volume":"16","author":"Kelsey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.1.357-362.1995","article-title":"Competitive metabolism of naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, and fluorene by phenanthrenedegrading pseudomonads","volume":"61","author":"Stringfellow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00171574","article-title":"Bacterial degradation of low concentrations of phenanthrene and inhibition by naphthalene","volume":"31","author":"Shuttleworth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.54.6.1612-1614.1988","article-title":"Mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterium isolated from sediment below an oil field","volume":"54","author":"Heitkamp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.8.1968-1973.1989","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a Mycobacterium sp. in microcosms containing sediment and water from a pristine ecosystem","volume":"55","author":"Heitkamp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.12.3462-3469.1991","article-title":"Indigenous and enhanced mineralization of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and carbazole in soils","volume":"57","author":"Grosser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025010613035973600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160410","article-title":"Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in soils: Relationship to soil characteristics and preexposure","volume":"16","author":"Carmichael","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.5620181010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fetc.5620181010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/18\/10\/2186\/60150790\/etc5620181010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/18\/10\/2186\/60150790\/etc5620181010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T13:04:13Z","timestamp":1736168653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/18\/10\/2186\/7830173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5620181010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-01-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}