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In the present study, ultimate biodegradation of 18 surfactants representing different classes (including several polymeric alcohol ethoxylates [AEs]) was determined in seawater at 20\u2009\u00b0C by a Closed Bottle test method. After 28 days of incubation, 12 surfactants reached 60% biodegradation and were considered to be readily biodegradable in seawater. The results for the six additional surfactants indicated that the 60% pass level may be reached by extended incubation time, or that reduced biodegradation could be associated with toxicity of the chemicals. All these six surfactants were biodegraded &amp;gt;20% after 28 days, indicative of primary biodegradation in seawater. Polymeric ethoxylates with high numbers of ethylene oxide (EO) groups (40\u201350 EO groups) were more slowly biodegraded than polyethoxylates with 4 to 23 EO groups. Biodegradation experiments of the AE C12 EO9 (3 to 18 EO groups) in a carousel system at 20\u2009\u00b0C with natural seawater and a surfactant concentration of 500\u2009\u00b5g\/L showed rapid primary biodegradation by targeted analyses of the AE, with &amp;gt;99% primary biodegradation after 2 days of incubation. The surfactant depletion coincided with temporary formation of polyethylene glycols, suggesting that central fission is an important degradation step in seawater. A primary biodegradation experiment in the carousel system with C12 EO9 was conducted in the presence of suspended particulate materials (SPMs; marine phytoplankton and clay particles), showing that the presence of SPMs did not hamper the primary biodegradation of the surfactant. Separation of fractions in 20-\u00b5m steel filters indicated some particle association of the surfactant. 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