{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:18:47Z","timestamp":1790313527783,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":570,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008439","name":"Texas Christian University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008439","name":"Texas Christian University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Widespread mercury (Hg) contamination of freshwater systems, due primarily to deposition of atmospheric inorganic Hg (IHg), poses a potential threat to recreational fisheries. In aquatic ecosystems, IHg is converted by bacteria to methylmercury (MeHg), a potent toxin that bioaccumulates in consumers and biomagnifies through the food web, reaching elevated concentrations in fish. Methylmercury has concentration-dependent sublethal effects on fish, including reductions in reproductive output. In the present study, we conducted the first analysis of the potential health risks of MeHg contamination to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a popular game fish, in the southeastern United States. To assess the potential health risk posed by MeHg to largemouth bass, we compared MeHg concentrations in three sizes of adult largemouth bass to benchmarks associated with the onset of adverse health effects in fish. We also determined how the risk posed by MeHg to largemouth bass varied spatially throughout the southeastern United States. Our study suggests that in the southeastern United States MeHg poses a potential risk to largemouth bass health and that MeHg contamination may be detrimental to the fisheries of this economically important species of game fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1755\u20131762. \u00a9 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Abstract<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In the southeastern United States, the potential health risks posed by methylmercury (MeHg) to largemouth bass increases with the average concentration of MeHg in largemouth bass within an ecoregion and largemouth bass size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T12:44:12Z","timestamp":1684500252000},"page":"1755-1762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Potential Health Risks of Methylmercury Contamination to Largemouth Bass in the Southeastern United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department Texas Christian University Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray W.","family":"Drenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department Texas Christian University Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7160-3157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Chumchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department Texas Christian University Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3185","article-title":"Disparity between state fish consumption advisory systems for methylmercury and US Environmental Protection Agency recommendations: A case study of the south central United States","volume":"35","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0002","first-page":"628","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment in a large river-reservoir: 6. Bioindicators of fish population health","volume":"18","author":"Adams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-006-0831-8","article-title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","volume":"68","author":"Baldigo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155702","article-title":"Toxicological risk of mercury for fish and invertebrate prey in the Arctic","volume":"836","author":"Barst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2099","article-title":"Evidence of impaired health in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological mercury hotspot in northeastern North America","volume":"32","author":"Batchelar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1897\/04-284R.1","article-title":"Approaches for linking whole-body fish tissue residues of mercury or DDT to biological effects thresholds","volume":"24","author":"Beckvar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1139\/f92-113","article-title":"On the chemical form of mercury in edible fish and marine invertebrate tissue","volume":"49","author":"Bloom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1577\/T07-009.1","article-title":"Habitat-specific differences in mercury concentration in a top predator from a shallow lake","volume":"137","author":"Chumchal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1897\/08-197.1","article-title":"Ecological factors regulating mercury contamination of fish from Caddo Lake, Texas, USA","volume":"28","author":"Chumchal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.477","article-title":"Mercury speciation and biomagnification in the food web of Caddo Lake, Texas and Louisiana, USA, a subtropical freshwater ecosystem","volume":"30","author":"Chumchal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1897\/08-151.1","article-title":"Mercury-induced reproductive impairment in fish","volume":"28","author":"Crump","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2012-0338","article-title":"An overview of mercury concentrations in freshwater fish species: A national fish mercury dataset for Canada","volume":"70","author":"Depew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5426","article-title":"Effect of land cover on ecoregion-scale spatial patterns of mercury contamination of largemouth bass in the southeastern United States","volume":"41","author":"Drenner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1021\/es303734n","article-title":"Effects of mercury deposition and coniferous forests on the mercury contamination of fish in the south central United States","volume":"47","author":"Drenner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.589","article-title":"Landscape-level patterns of mercury contamination of fish in North Texas, USA","volume":"30","author":"Drenner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1641\/B570106","article-title":"Mercury contamination in forest and freshwater ecosystems in the northeastern United States","volume":"57","author":"Driscoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4967","DOI":"10.1021\/es305071v","article-title":"Mercury as a global pollutant: Sources, pathways, and effects","volume":"17","author":"Driscoll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.229","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of mercury concentrations in freshwater fish across the western United States and Canada","volume":"568","author":"Eagles-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.01.049","article-title":"Conifer density within lake catchments predicts fish mercury concentrations in remote subalpine lakes","volume":"212","author":"Eagles-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0020","author":"Eagles-Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1641\/B570107","article-title":"Biological mercury hotspots in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada","volume":"57","author":"Evers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.2002.2165","article-title":"Effect of mercury on general and reprodutive health of largmouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from three lakes in New Jersey","volume":"52","author":"Friedmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0921.1","article-title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in estuarine food webs","volume":"22","author":"Fry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3267","article-title":"Critical perspectives on mercury toxicity reference values for protection of fish","volume":"35","author":"Fuchsman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-1020","author":"Fuller","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1984)4<273:ALSTAF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A length-categorization system to assess fish stocks","volume":"4","author":"Gabelhouse","year":"1984","journal-title":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14494","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03943","article-title":"Projecting fish mercury levels in the province of Ontario, Canada and the implications for fish and human health","volume":"49","author":"Gandhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-012-9838-4","article-title":"Assessing mercury exposure and biomarkers in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from a contaminated river system in California","volume":"64","author":"Gehringer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4299","article-title":"Spatial patterns of mercury contamination and associated risk to piscivorous wading birds of the south central United States","volume":"38","author":"Gerstle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1039\/b811011e","article-title":"Relations between and among contaminant concentrations and biomarkers in black bass (Micropterus spp.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from large U.S. rivers, 1995\u20132004","volume":"10","author":"Hinck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.375","article-title":"Adverse outcome pathways and ecological risk assessment: Bridging to population-level effects","volume":"30","author":"Kramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13385","DOI":"10.1021\/es403103t","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury in aquatic food webs: A worldwide meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Lavoie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.031","article-title":"Assessing potential health risks to fish and humans using mercury concentrations in inland fish from across western Canada and the United States","volume":"571","author":"Lepak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(1997)007[1024:FYROLB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"First-year recruitment of largemouth bass: The interdependency of early life stages","volume":"7","author":"Ludsin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-023-02620-3","article-title":"Assessing metal(loid)s concentrations and biomarkers in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) of three ecosystems of the Yaqui River basin, Mexico","volume":"32","author":"Martinez-Durazo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s0026702429","article-title":"Developing a spatial framework of common ecological regions for the conterminous United States","volume":"28","author":"McMahon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environmental Management"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1021\/es010792c","article-title":"Partitioning of monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water","volume":"35","author":"Miles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-014-0364-1","article-title":"Ecoregions of the conterminous United States: Evolution of a hierarchical spatial framework","volume":"54","author":"Omernik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Management"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1139\/f98-139","article-title":"Interactions among adult demography, spawning date, growth rate, predation, overwinter mortality, and the recruitment of largemouth bass in a northern lake","volume":"55","author":"Post","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.03.029","article-title":"Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"203","author":"Richter","year":"2014","journal-title":"General and Comparative Endocrinology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0712-3","article-title":"Ecological risk of methylmercury to piscivorous fish of the Great Lakes region","volume":"20","author":"Sandheinrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1201\/b10598-5","volume-title":"Environmental contaminants in biota","author":"Sandheinrich","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[12:EOEMOT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Effects of environmental methylmercury on the health of wild birds, mammals, and fish","volume":"36","author":"Scheuhammer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1995.1075","article-title":"Expression of hepatic metallothionein messenger RNA in feral and caged fish species correlates with muscle mercury levels","volume":"31","author":"Schlenk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0044","first-page":"A177","article-title":"Spatiotemporal trends in fish mercury from a mine-dominated ecosystem: Clear Lake, California","volume":"18","author":"Suchanek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620140414","article-title":"The association of DNA damage to concentrations of mercury and radiocesium in largemouth bass","volume":"14","author":"Sugg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0046","author":"Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0047","author":"US Census Bureau","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0048","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0049","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0050","author":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0052","author":"Wente","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.09.025","article-title":"Toxicological significance of mercury in yellow perch in the Laurentian Great Lakes region","volume":"161","author":"Wiener","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"2025010313383633500_etc5675-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-020-02193-5","article-title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in freshwater fishes of the Chesapeake Bay watershed","volume":"29","author":"Willacker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/42\/8\/1755\/59770684\/etc5675.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/42\/8\/1755\/59770684\/etc5675.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T13:52:53Z","timestamp":1735912373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/42\/8\/1755\/7729640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}