{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:11:01Z","timestamp":1792811461028,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Western Division of the American Fisheries Society"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007430","name":"National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8006.18.059259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8006.18.059259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007430","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007516","name":"National Park Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P19AC00638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P19AC00638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007430","name":"National Fish and Wildlife Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8006.18.059259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8006.18.059259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007430","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007516","name":"National Park Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P19AC00638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P19AC00638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury (Hg) are harmful compounds that are widely present in the environment, partly due to spills and atmospheric pollution. The presence of PFAS and Hg in the tissues of animals that are harvested by rural and Indigenous Alaskans is of great concern, yet fish in Arctic Alaska have not previously been assessed for concentrations of PFAS. Fish species of subsistence and recreational importance were collected from nearshore Beaufort and Chukchi Sea, Alaska habitats and assessed for PFAS and total mercury concentrations [THg]. We found multiple PFAS compounds present at low levels (&amp;lt;3\u2009\u03bcg\/kg) in the muscle tissue of inconnu, broad whitefish, Dolly Varden char, Arctic flounder, saffron cod, humpback whitefish, and least cisco. In addition, [THg] levels in these fish were well below levels triggering local fish consumption guidelines (&amp;lt;170\u2009\u03bcg\/kg). These initial results indicate no evidence of the Alaska Arctic nearshore fish species examined as an avenue of PFAS or Hg exposure to people who harvest them. However, sources and trends of these contaminants in the Arctic require further investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2329\u20132335. \u00a9 2023 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T13:06:57Z","timestamp":1689944817000},"page":"2329-2335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Mercury in Arctic Alaska Coastal Fish of Subsistence Importance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5068-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Fraley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn R.","family":"Hamman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trent M.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin D.","family":"Robards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Conservation Society Fairbanks Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahzay","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Program Native Village of Kotzebue Kotzebue Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0001","author":"Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0002","author":"Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0003","author":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.08.020","article-title":"Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and perfluoroalkyl substances in a remote population of Alaska Natives","volume":"231","author":"Byrne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"51","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20757-2","article-title":"PFAS and PBDEs in traditional subsistence foods from Sivuqaq, Alaska","volume":"29","author":"Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/es070895g","article-title":"Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds","volume":"42","author":"Conder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-017-2246-5","article-title":"Offshore ocean dispersal of adult Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma in the Beaufort Sea","volume":"41","author":"Courtney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108622","article-title":"Ecological drivers of mercury concentrations in fish species in subsistence harvests from Kotzebue Sound, Alaska","volume":"177","author":"Cyr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0009","first-page":"58","article-title":"The challenges of PFAS remediation","volume":"110","author":"Darlington","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Military Engineer"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.07.028","article-title":"Is the fresh water fish consumption a significant determinant of the internal exposure to perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS)?","volume":"231","author":"Denys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicology Letters"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.046","article-title":"What are the toxicological effects of mercury in Arctic biota?","volume":"443","author":"Dietz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0012","first-page":"e06223","article-title":"Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food","volume":"18","author":"European Food Safety Authority Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0013","first-page":"421","article-title":"The Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) subsistence and commercial fisheries, Colville River, Alaska: A conceptual model","volume":"60","author":"Fechhelm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4890","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity and human health review: Current state of knowledge and strategies for informing future research","volume":"40","author":"Fenton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.06.060","article-title":"Current levels and trends of selected EU Water Framework Directive priority substances in freshwater fish from the German environmental specimen bank","volume":"216","author":"Fliedner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/fsh.10389","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Anglers may be exposed to harmful chemicals in their catch","volume":"45","author":"Fraley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fisheries"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138839","article-title":"Investigation of levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface water, sediment and fish tissue in New Jersey, USA","volume":"729","author":"Goodrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0405-y","article-title":"Delayed discovery, dissemination, and decisions on intervention in environmental health: A case study on immunotoxicity of perfluorinated alkylate substances","volume":"17","author":"Grandjean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0019","author":"Hamade","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.05.010","article-title":"Estrogenic effects, reproductive impairment and developmental toxicity in ovoviparous swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)","volume":"99","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicology"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.6b00260","article-title":"Detection of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in US drinking water linked to industrial sites, military fire training areas, and wastewater treatment plants","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.07.034","article-title":"Mercury in fishes of Alaska, with emphasis on subsistence species","volume":"387","author":"Jewett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.06.219","article-title":"Concentration, distribution and sources of perfluoroalkyl substances and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments of the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean","volume":"235","author":"Kahkashan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1021\/es9003894","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in an Arctic marine food web: Trophic magnification and wildlife exposure","volume":"43","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429487125","volume-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Theory, practice, and innovation","author":"Kempisty","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.10.041","article-title":"The delivery of mercury to the Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean by the Mackenzie River","volume":"373","author":"Leitch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0027","author":"Minnesota Department of Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2019.06.002","article-title":"Levels and trends of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic environment\u2014An update","volume":"5","author":"Muir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0029","volume-title":"Guidance on PFAS exposure, testing, and clinical follow-up","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0030","author":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0031","first-page":"194","author":"Rattonetti","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0032","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0033","first-page":"1152","article-title":"A food web bioaccumulation model for the accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in fish: How important is renal elimination?","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0094-1","article-title":"A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects","volume":"29","author":"Sunderland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14010105","article-title":"Global sources and pathways of mercury in the context of human health","volume":"14","author":"Sundseth","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.04.029","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in exploited fish and crustaceans: Spatial trends across two estuarine systems","volume":"131","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.04.099","article-title":"Total mercury concentrations in anadromous Northern Dolly Varden from the northwestern Canadian Arctic: A historical baseline study","volume":"509","author":"Tran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0038","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0039","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0040","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0041","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0042","author":"US Navy","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0043","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fish consumption advice for alaskans: A risk management strategy to optimize the public's health","volume":"11","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2007","journal-title":"State of Alaska Epidemiology Bulletin"},{"key":"2025010313384773500_etc5717-bib-0044","author":"Whiting","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/42\/11\/2329\/59770480\/etc5717.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article-pdf\/42\/11\/2329\/59770480\/etc5717.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T13:55:32Z","timestamp":1735912532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/etc\/article\/42\/11\/2329\/7729704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5717","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-7268","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}