{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:00:54Z","timestamp":1791212454560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,7]],"date-time":"2011-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1307404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effects of dynamic changes in pH and salinity on metal speciation and release are investigated with sediments posed in a simulated estuarine environment. The release of Zn, Cd, Mn, and Fe was studied using sediment from the Anacostia River (Washington, DC, USA) spiked with freshly precipitated amorphous cadmium sulfide to increase Cd content. The sediment was exposed to salt water (high pH, ionic strength) and freshwater (neutral pH, minimal ionic strength) continuously and alternately (to mimic tidal changes) in small microcosms over 100 d. At the conclusion of the experiments, the vertical profiles of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) as well as porewater metals and anion concentrations were characterized. Acid volatile sulfide oxidation at the sediment surface led to a commensurate increase in dissolved metal species and metal release that was strongly dependent on the changes in the overlying water characteristics. Total Cd release was substantially higher during exposure to salt water, although, as a result of complexation, predicted dissolved Cd2+ concentration in the overlying water was higher during exposure to freshwater. Total Zn release was little changed during exposure to salt water and freshwater, although the predicted dissolved Zn2+ concentration was much higher during freshwater exposures. No significant iron was released because of the rapid oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe2+) in aerobic surficial sediments and overlying water. The present study suggests that cyclic changes in pH and salinity in the overlying water can dramatically influence metal release from estuarine sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1775\u20131784. \u00a9 2011 SETAC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T14:52:23Z","timestamp":1305643943000},"page":"1775-1784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Effects of cyclic changes in pH and salinity on metals release from sediments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yong Seok","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry A","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny D","family":"Reible","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1139\/f98-145","article-title":"Ecotoxicology of metals in aquatic sediments binding and release, bioavailability, risk assessment, and remediation","volume":"55","author":"Chapman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200102","article-title":"Assessing sediment contamination in estuaries","volume":"20","author":"Chapman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.4.0657","article-title":"The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide in the estuarine waters of the Satillar and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia","volume":"43","author":"Cai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1006\/ecss.1996.0114","article-title":"Biogeochemical control on the flux of trace elements from estuarine sediments: water column oxygen concentrations and benthic infauna","volume":"44","author":"Riedel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620171125","article-title":"Relationship between oxygen consumption and sediment\u2013water fluxes of heavy metals in coastal marine sediments","volume":"17","author":"Shine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1021\/es960270a","article-title":"Modeling sorption of trace metals on natural sediments by surface complexation model","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.04.068","article-title":"Effect of overlying water pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and sediment disturbances on metal release and sequestration from metal contaminated marine sediments","volume":"69","author":"Atkinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2004.03.008","article-title":"Significance of oxides and particulate organic matter in controlling trace metal partitioning in a contaminated estuary","volume":"88","author":"Turner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2004.03.001","article-title":"Strong copper complexation in an organic-rich estuary: the importance of allochthonous dissolved organic matter","volume":"88","author":"Shank","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1897\/023-601","article-title":"The influence of pH and salinity on the toxicity of heavy metals in sediment to the estuarine clam Ruditapes philippinarum","volume":"23","author":"Riba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2026020510105533300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620201035","article-title":"Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 1. 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