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Decades of fire training activity at Joint Base Cape Cod (MA, USA) incorporated the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), which resulted in long-term PFAS contamination of sediments, groundwater, and hydrologically connected surface waters. To explore the bioconcentration potential of PFAS in complex environmental mixtures, a mobile laboratory was established to evaluate the bioconcentration of PFAS from AFFF-impacted groundwater by flow-through design. Fathead minnows (n\u2009=\u200924) were exposed to PFAS in groundwater over a 21-day period and tissue-specific PFAS burdens in liver, kidney, and gonad were derived at three different time points. The \u2211PFAS concentrations in groundwater increased from approximately 10,000\u2009ng\/L at day 1 to 36,000\u2009ng\/L at day 21. The relative abundance of PFAS in liver, kidney, and gonad shifted temporally from majority perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs) to perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs). By day 21, mean \u2211PFAS concentrations in tissues displayed a predominance in the order of liver\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009kidney\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009gonad. Generally, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for FASAs, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTS) increased with degree of fluorinated carbon chain length, but this was not evident for PFSAs. Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) displayed the highest mean BCF (8700\u2009L\/kg) in day 21 kidney. Suspect screening results revealed the presence of several perfluoroalkyl sulfinate and FASA compounds present in groundwater and in liver for which pseudo-bioconcentration factors are also reported. The bioconcentration observed for precursor compounds and PFSA derivatives detected suggests alternative pathways for terminal PFAS exposure in aquatic wildlife and humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1795\u20131806. \u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Flow-through dosing experiments utilizing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)\u2013contaminated groundwater revealed positive linear correlations between fluorinated carbon chain length and logarithm-transformed bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides identified in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) liver via target analysis and suspect screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry. FBSA\u2009=\u2009perfluorobutane sulfonamide; FHxSA\u2009=\u2009perfluorohexane sulfonamide; FOSA\u2009=\u2009perfluorooctane sulfonamide; FPeSA=\u2009perfluoropentane sulfonamide; FPrSA\u2009=\u2009perfluoropropane sulfonamide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T13:59:56Z","timestamp":1718805596000},"page":"1795-1806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Bioconcentration of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Precursors in Fathead Minnow Tissues Environmentally Exposed to Aqueous Film-Forming Foam\u2013Contaminated Waters"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nicholas I.","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitka","family":"Becanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Vojta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry B.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis R.","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northborough, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Vajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Pickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8796-3229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Lohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010612364216200_etc5926-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.03.136","article-title":"Stockholm Arlanda Airport as a source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to water, sediment and 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