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Pulling with one hand and cutting with the other, they occasionally left impact cut marks on the lip (labial) surface of their incisors and canines. From these actions, it possible to determine the dominant hand used. The frequency of these oblique striations in an array of fossil hominins documents the typically modern pattern of 9 right\u2010 to 1 left\u2010hander. This ratio among living <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic> differs from that among chimpanzees and bonobos and more distant primate relatives. Together, all studies of living people affirm that dominant right\u2010handedness is a uniquely modern human trait. The same pattern extends deep into our past. Thus far, the majority of inferred right\u2010handed fossils come from Europe, but a single maxilla from a <jats:italic>Homo habilis<\/jats:italic>, OH\u201065, shows a predominance of right oblique scratches, thus extending right\u2010handedness into the early Pleistocene of Africa. Other studies show right\u2010handedness in more recent African, Chinese, and Levantine fossils, but the sample compiled for non\u2010European fossil specimens remains small. Fossil specimens from Sima del los Huesos and a variety of European Neandertal sites are predominately right\u2010handed. 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