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However, there are no publications studying the effects of latitude in the 3D configuration of the ribcage. To assess this issue, we digitally reconstructed the ribcages of a balanced sample of 109 adult individuals of global distribution. Shape and size of the ribcage was quantified using geometric morphometrics. Our results show that the ribcage belonging to tropical individuals is smaller and slenderer compared to others living in higher latitudes, which is in line with Allen and Bergmann's rules and suggests an allometric relationship between size and shape. Although sexual dimorphism was observed in the whole sample, significant differences were only found in tropical populations. Our proposal is that, apart from potential sexual selection, avoiding heat loss might be the limiting factor for sexual dimorphism in cold\u2010adapted populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.22040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T04:08:55Z","timestamp":1719893335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Eco\u2010geographic and sexual variation of the ribcage in <i>Homo sapiens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Rey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paleobiology, Paleoanthropology Group Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN\u2010CSIC) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel D.","family":"D'Angelo del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (UAM) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico \u2013 Tandil (CONICET, CTT Tandil) Tandil Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda Evolutiva Humana (LEEH), Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (FACSO), Unidad de Ense\u00f1anza Universitaria Quequ\u00e9n (UEUQ) Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPB) Quequ\u00e9n Argentina"},{"name":"Museo de Antropolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Arqueol\u00f3gica y Antropol\u00f3gica (INIAA) Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca (UMRPSFXCH) Sucre Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Seldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico \u2013 Tandil (CONICET, CTT Tandil) Tandil Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Antropol\u00f3gicas, Secci\u00f3n de Antropolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica \u2010 Instituto de Arqueolog\u00eda, Facultad de Filosof\u00eda y Letras (FFYL) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Anthropology Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Center for Functional Ecology \u2010 Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Centre for Functional Ecology University of Coimbra (UC), Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana (CENIEH) Burgos Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Bastir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paleobiology, Paleoanthropology Group Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN\u2010CSIC) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"The influence of physical conditions in the genesis of species","volume":"1","author":"Allen J. 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