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Existing discussions of curated objects concentrate on later prehistory and modern humans and view such objects at the social level, as carriers of shared cultural meaning or as markers of status. Here, we address an earlier time period and locate the phenomenon at the personal rather than the social level. By integrating archaeology with theories of extended memory and niche construction, we synthesize evidence consistent with systematic curation of items beyond purely utilitarian needs from the terminal Lower Palaeolithic (~500\u2009kya) onward, including transported distinctive stones, fossils, and the prolonged retention of patinated \u201cold\u201d stone tools whose earlier surfaces were deliberately preserved. We propose that curated keepsakes functioned as portable external memory devices. Beyond cueing recall, they may have helped authenticate self\u2010relevant past events by providing durable material traces that support source monitoring\u2014distinguishing experienced from imagined events. As such practices became routine, they could have created a \u201csouvenir niche\u201d in which individuals who better integrated internal recollection with external tokens gained fitness benefits. The token's reference is personal, but its consequences can be social, supporting tasks like tracking alliances, reciprocity, and place\u2010based obligations. These benefits may have strengthened selection on neural systems facilitating the development of autobiographical memory and sense of self via gene\u2013culture coevolution. We outline archaeological, developmental, and experimental predictions that distinguish this mnemonic\u2010authentication account from aesthetic or economic explanations and suggest approaches for testing them. Viewing curated objects as memory technology links early material culture to the evolutionary shaping of human autobiographical memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:03:54Z","timestamp":1792415034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Homo Memorabiliaxis: Souvenirs and the Evolution of Autobiographical Memory and Self"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8125-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Barkai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0489-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bar","family":"Efrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Archaeology University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher Pardes Hanna\u2013Karkur Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3564-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liad","family":"Mudrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav","family":"Ram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaa.2025.101704","article-title":"Who Made the Oldowan? 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