{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:51:41Z","timestamp":1786121501914,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trigeminal\u2010mediated headshaking (TMHS) in horses shares clinical features with human trigeminal neuralgia (HTN). Increased levels of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP) have been found in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HTN patients. Inhibition of CGRP in humans has shown promise for pain relief. Data on CGRP in horses affected by TMHS are currently lacking but if quantifiable and validated, could assist in developing new diagnostic and more rational therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to quantify and correlate CGRP concentrations in the serum and CSF of horses with TMHS; compare CSF CGRP levels across horses with various neurological, painful, inflammatory and chronic conditions; analyse serum CGRP concentrations before and after exercise\u2010induced headshaking in affected horses versus healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2013control study using bio\u2010banked samples and prospective before\u2010after study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CGRP concentrations were measured in CSF and serum using a commercial ELISA kit across healthy controls (CONTROL,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), TMHS\u2010affected horses (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930), horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910) and horses with non\u2010neurologic painful, inflammatory or chronic conditions (MIXED,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median (interquartile range [IQR]) serum CGRP concentration in TMHS horses was 14.9\u2009pg\/mL (11.3\u201319.0\u2009pg\/mL), while mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD CGRP CSF concentration was 64.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3\u2009pg\/mL. No correlation was found between serum and CSF CGRP (Spearman's rho\u2009=\u2009\u22120.04,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.88). CSF CGRP levels were significantly higher in CVSM (73.8\u2009pg\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) and lower in MIXED (52.0\u2009pg\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) compared to TMHS. Serum CGRP concentrations showed no significant difference between TMHS and CONTROL groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small sample size, lack of CSF samples from healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher CSF CGRP levels in neurologic conditions may suggest shared underlying mechanisms such as nerve irritation or neuroinflammation. Further research is needed to elucidate CGRP's role in TMHS pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:37:57Z","timestamp":1766155077000},"page":"1207-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in horses affected by trigeminal\u2010mediated headshaking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6185-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa Annabel","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilke","family":"Oltmanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5052-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Chiavaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2154-3138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstie J.","family":"Pickles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harper &amp; Keele Veterinary School, Keele Campus  Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5354-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol  Langford Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1357-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Kloock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Niebuhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Equine Clinic Nindorf  Hanstedt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Feige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/vmrr.s163805"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04068-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806920901890"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-023-01407-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.14135"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400776563617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223125"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12708"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13723"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0741-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13718"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0848-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/PM\/PNAA028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-1337"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00294-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001075"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124701.C"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01753-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.3.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13529"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030711"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(90)90114-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415625614"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","unstructured":"MitchellEV.Serum calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP) concentrations in the horse and their relationship to the systemic inflammatory response. 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