{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:05:46Z","timestamp":1790625946758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abdominal ultrasound is widely used to evaluate the intestinal tract of horses. Despite being a routine examination, there is limited data on the reliability of this diagnostic procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability of ultrasonographic intestinal wall thickness measurements in healthy horses. A second aim was to assess variance within repeated measurements to determine threshold values that distinguish whether differences between repeated examinations are true findings versus solely due to measurement variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo reliability study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight healthy horses (7 Standardbreds, 1 Warmblood) were ultrasonographically examined in six intestinal regions: duodenum, right dorsal colon (RDC), right ventral colon (RVC), caecum, jejunum and left ventral colon (LVC). In each horse, triplicate measurements of intestinal wall thickness were performed by three sonographers on three consecutive days. Intra\u2010class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intra\u2010rater ICC was &lt;0.5 for all regions except the duodenum (0.52). Inter\u2010rater ICC was &lt;0.5 for duodenum, caecum and jejunum and between 0.5 and 0.75 for RDC, RVC and LVC. The standard deviation of repeated measurements was low (0.33\u20130.45\u2009mm). Across all regions, 95% (\u00b12 SD) of all reported measurements were within a 1\u2009mm range.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homogenous study group and use of healthy horses may limit generalisability to clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasonographic measurements of intestinal wall thickness show limited consistency but low absolute variation. Differences of less than 1\u2009mm fall within expected repeated measurement variability. This study supports the use of repeated ultrasonographic intestinal wall thickness measurements in clinical practice and provides a practical cut\u2010off value of 1\u2009mm to differentiate expected variability within and between observers from true changes in intestinal wall thickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:56:22Z","timestamp":1767592582000},"page":"1355-1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intra\u2010rater and inter\u2010rater reliability of ultrasonographic intestinal wall thickness measurements in healthy horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2778-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e4laren Equine Clinic  Sigtuna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0504-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e4laren Equine Clinic  Sigtuna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Finne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e4laren Equine Clinic  Sigtuna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6889-7981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Clinic University Animal Hospital  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Ringdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3306-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Nostell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2006)20[1429:inih]2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.09.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2004.04038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12946"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13059"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186825"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00212"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Identification of normal parameters for ultrasonographic examination of the equine large colon and cecum","volume":"48","author":"Hendrickson EHS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103153"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.13148"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","volume-title":"Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice","author":"Portney LG","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","article-title":"Understanding abdominal ultrasonography in horses: which way is up?","volume":"33","author":"Barton MH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01719.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Evaluation of gastrointestinal activity patterns in healthy horses using B mode and Doppler ultrasonography","volume":"46","author":"Mitchell CF","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.136.5.887"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1223-1134"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/evj.70147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/evj.70147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/evj.70147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:12:32Z","timestamp":1786079552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/evj.70147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/evj.70147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/evj.70147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}