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The lesions are induced by bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, and probably 13 in conjunction with other factors including trauma and a genetic predisposition. Although sarcoids have a substantial impact on the health and welfare of affected equids, information on the immune response to bovine papillomavirus infection and resulting sarcoids is limited. However, there is evidence that sarcoid disease is associated with an impaired immune response to bovine papillomavirus infection. This observation agrees with the common perception of sarcoids as persistent lesions. Contrary to this general view, there are reports on the spontaneous regression of skin tumours diagnosed as sarcoids, giving rise to the question whether sarcoids can self\u2010resolve, and if so, under which circumstances. This review addresses this unresolved issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:45:21Z","timestamp":1773290721000},"page":"889-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spontaneous regression of equine sarcoids is an exceptional event"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Oncology, Centre of Equine Health and Research Veterinary University  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Papillomavirus research: from natural history to vaccines and beyond","author":"Campo MS","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Papillomavirus research: from natural history to vaccines and beyond","author":"Campo MS","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18947-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2008022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00371-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15353-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Epidemiology of equine sarcoids in horses in western Canada","volume":"51","author":"Wobeser BK","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Equine sarcoids \u2010 Part 1: clinical presentation and epidemiology","volume":"77","author":"Bogaert L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"719","volume-title":"Equine Dermatology","author":"Scott DW","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.134.9.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281.149.4.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281.149.4.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"JochD.Sarkoiderkrankung in Bezug auf Alter Rasse und Geschlecht. 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