{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:52:17Z","timestamp":1786121537695,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine aural plaque caused by equine papilloma viruses is common worldwide and affected horses can show severe clinical signs. Due to its viral aetiology, in some countries affected horses are not allowed to compete. Since lesions persist, showing no spontaneous regression, effective and safe treatment is required. Currently, the only treatment with consistent efficacy is imiquimod. Treatment time is prolonged and adverse effects are common. In humans, papilloma warts are successfully and safely treated with topical nitric\u2010zinc complex solutions inducing a painless caustic effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of topical treatment with a nitric acid and zinc solution (Oxalic\u00ae or Verrutop\u00ae).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records from horses with aural plaque diagnosed at the Equine Clinic of the University Animal Hospital and Equine Clinic, T\u00e4by, Sweden during 2012\u20132022 were reviewed. Included horses were treated topically with nitric acid and zinc solution (Oxalic\u00ae or Verrutop\u00ae), unilaterally or bilaterally every other week until remission. A successful outcome was defined as no remaining lesions at 12\u2010 to 28\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve horses were included, eight bilaterally affected. In total 20 ears were treated. Complete remission was seen in 17 ears (1\u20135 treatments, median 1.5). The three remaining ears substantially improved and clinical signs of discomfort were no longer observed. No adverse effects were seen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study, small sample size, not blinded and no control group included. Lesions were diagnosed by macroscopic appearance; no PCR for virus detection or histology was made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical nitric\u2013zinc complex solutions are a safe and effective treatment for equine aural plaques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:04:16Z","timestamp":1773360256000},"page":"1252-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topical treatment of equine aural plaques with nitric acid and zinc solution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3545-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lii Katarina","family":"Leo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Clinic University Animal Hospital Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin Elisabet","family":"Bergvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Clinic University Animal Hospital Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-024-10572-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-162571-1\/50017-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00877.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104877"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.052092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12481"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12305"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29212"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00330-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GustavssonL WilsonA BergvallK.Efficient topical treatment of canine nodular sebaceous hyperplasia with a nitric acid and zinc complex solution animals.2024;14:570.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040570"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/evj.70161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/evj.70161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/evj.70161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:12:14Z","timestamp":1786079534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/evj.70161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/evj.70161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/evj.70161","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}