{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T23:48:26Z","timestamp":1777247306733,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n                      subspecies\n                      <jats:italic>equi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>S. equi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) carriers are thought to be important drivers for strangles outbreaks. Limited data are available on the prevalence of carriers in European horse husbandry settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To estimate the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>S. equi<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers among apparently healthy adult horses and ponies in the Netherlands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The carrier prevalence in the Netherlands was estimated, detecting carriers by PCR analysis of three repeated nasopharyngeal lavages at weekly intervals. Bayesian methods were used for a true prevalence estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and sixty\u2010six horses on 86 premises were sampled. The posterior distribution gave a mean and median estimate for true prevalence of 2.0% and 1.6%, respectively, with a 95% credible interval of [0.1%, 5.9%].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The target of 200 participants in the cross\u2010sectional survey was not reached. The sensitivity of three repeated nasopharyngeal lavages for the detection of carriership remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The carrier prevalence estimate of 2.0% reported here is in the same order of magnitude as recent reports from other countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T23:28:42Z","timestamp":1777246122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The prevalence of\n                    <i>Streptococcus equi<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>equi<\/i>\n                    carriers in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. M. A. C.","family":"Houben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Broens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Infectiology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Broekhuizen\u2010Stins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Infectiology Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Sloet van Oldruitenborgh\u2010Oosterbaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"van Maanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal GD  Deventer The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A. P.","family":"Heesterbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"ICC Viewer. [cited 2025 Aug 27]. 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