{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T01:25:16Z","timestamp":1779413116845,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral enucleation in horses represents a challenging decision for owners, undertaken to relieve chronic, untreatable ocular pain. Emotional distress and uncertainty regarding postoperative welfare often lead to euthanasia instead of surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate owner perceptions of equine quality of life before and after bilateral enucleation, and to assess satisfaction with the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records from 21 horses that underwent bilateral enucleation between 2016 and 2024 were reviewed. Owners completed a structured survey assessing satisfaction, pain, activity, tactile sensitivity, and overall well\u2010being before and after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age at the time of the second or bilateral enucleation was 20.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1\u2009years (range: 12\u201326\u2009years), with Appaloosa (62%) predominating. Equine recurrent uveitis accounted for 95% of cases. Owners reported improvements in all assessed welfare\u2010related parameters following surgery. The median satisfaction score was 5\/5 (IQR 4\u20135, range 4\u20135), and the median likelihood to recommend the procedure was 4\/5 (IQR 4\u20135, range 3\u20135). All horses were reported by their owners to show improved quality of life, with most of them returning to their previous levels of activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective design, reliance on owner\u2010reported data\u2014which may be subject to recall and selection biases\u2014a relatively small sample size, and the absence of objective clinical follow\u2010up to confirm the reported outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral enucleation was associated with owner\u2010reported improvements in equine welfare and high owner satisfaction, suggesting it may represent a viable alternative to euthanasia in horses with chronic ocular pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  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