{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T01:01:52Z","timestamp":1780275712400,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is associated with increased mortality in horses with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. However, there are no data relating to naturally occurring SIRS in donkeys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine SIRS frequency in donkeys with GI disease. To develop a donkey\u2010specific prognostic SIRS score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical records from donkeys presenting with GI disease in two independent cohorts (development cohort:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009400, UK; validation cohort:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200936, Australia) were reviewed. Age, sex, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, white blood cell count (WBCC), neutrophil%, neutrophil count, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), PCV\/TP ratio, triglycerides, albumin, creatinine, urea, serum amyloid A, and outcome were recorded. SIRS scores validated for horses (hSIRS, 0\u20134) were calculated. Prognostic factors were identified in the development cohort using generalised estimating equations and receiver operator characteristic analysis. A novel donkey SIRS score (dSIRS, 0\u20136) was developed and applied to the second cohort for validation. A traffic light system was further devised to classify individuals as low\u2010, medium\u2010, and high\u2010risk of non\u2010survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the development cohort, 32.1% cases fulfilled the hSIRS criteria. The fatality rate was 45.6% in these cases. Only two of the hSIRS criteria (heart rate &gt;56\u2009bpm; WBCC &lt;5.2 or &gt;13.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L) were significant predictors of outcome. The dSIRS score included heart rate, WBCC, age (15\u201325; or &gt;25\u2009years), PCV\/TP ratio (&gt;0.5725), and [triglyceride] (&gt;2.8\u2009mmol\/L). In the development cohort, the dSIRS score predicted outcome with 78.3% accuracy (sensitivity: 62.7% [95% CI: 51.9\u201372.3]; specificity: 83.5% [78.4\u201387.5]). In the validation cohort, accuracy was 81% (sensitivity: 100% [79.6\u2013100.0], specificity: 47.6% [28.3\u201367.6]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study, small validation cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of SIRS and associated fatality rate in donkeys with GI disease is high. After further validation through a prospective study, the dSIRS score could be a valuable prognostic tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:38:46Z","timestamp":1780274326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a prognostic scoring system for systemic inflammatory response syndrome in donkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine A.","family":"Barnab\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Bamford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Mei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary College  Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Rickards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Donkey Sanctuary  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3803-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Menzies\u2010Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Services Royal Veterinary College  Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FVETS.2019.00069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/EVE.12290"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.2042-3306.1986.TB03623.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ANI12243547\/S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/VEC.70023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JVIM.16995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JVIM.70004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490912400320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"DeanA SullivanK SoeM.OpenEpi: Open source epidemiologic statistics for public health.2013[Accessed 2025 October 1]. 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