{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:50:16Z","timestamp":1782287416465,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Exercise\u2010related upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders are frequently diagnosed in racehorses. Treatment recommendations are routinely based on subjective assessment of clinical evaluation and exercising endoscopy findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To objectively investigate how palatal instability (PI), intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (iDDSP), alar fold collapse (AFC), and nasopharyngeal collapse (NPC) affect upper airway function during exercise in racehorses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Observational study with case\u2013control comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Inspiratory and expiratory tracheal pressures (cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O) were recorded in 91 harness racehorses demonstrating naturally occurring PI, iDDSP, AFC or NPC during high\u2010speed treadmill endoscopy (HSTE). Linear mixed\u2010effects models compared tracheal pressures recorded during active occurrence of these disorders with pressures recorded in 76 clinically normal control horses undergoing the same standardised HSTE protocol. For log\u2010transformed models, results were back\u2010transformed and expressed as ratios of geometric means.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Inspiratory tracheal pressures were significantly lower (more negative) in horses with NPC (mean difference\u2009=\u2009\u22128.1 cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O; 95% CI: \u221212.9 to \u22123.4;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) compared with controls (mean \u221230.0 cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O). Expiratory tracheal pressures were significantly higher (more positive) in horses with iDDSP (mean difference\u2009=\u2009+13.1 cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O; 95% CI: 11.2 to 15.1;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), AFC (mean difference\u2009=\u2009+15.4 cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O; 95% CI: 13.2 to 17.6;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and NPC (mean difference\u2009=\u2009+5.8 cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O; 95% CI: 3.7 to 8.1;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) compared with controls (mean +11.7 cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n Simultaneous airflow measurements were not performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Naturally occurring iDDSP, AFC, and NPC significantly impair upper airway function in racehorses during exercise. Intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate and AFC are associated with significant expiratory upper airway obstruction, while NPC results in a combined obstruction affecting both inspiration and, to a lesser extent, expiration. Palatal instability did not result in any measurable impairment of upper airway function during exercise in racehorses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:36:52Z","timestamp":1782286612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of exercise\u2010related nasopharyngeal disorders on upper airway function in racehorses"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1301-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Vermedal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7873-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingunn Risnes","family":"Hellings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe L.","family":"Fretheim\u2010Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanze","family":"Fintl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7632-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Strand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02749.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of poor performance in the racehorse: the results of 275 evaluations","volume":"23","author":"Morris E","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1995.tb15020.x","article-title":"Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract during treadmill exercise: a clinical study of 100 horses","volume":"72","author":"Kannegieter NJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406778400583","article-title":"Dynamic obstructions of the equine upper respiratory tract. 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