{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:01:46Z","timestamp":1784959306900,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S71521N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S71521N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1SE9122N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SE9122N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01B05818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01B05818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myocardial sleeves in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins are a potential trigger for initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isolation of myocardial sleeves in the caudal vena cava or pulmonary veins might reduce the risk for AF recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records from seven horses with persistent, recurrent, naturally\u2010occurring AF that were treated with three\u2010dimensional electro\u2010anatomical mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in order to reduce recurrence risk were reviewed. Mapping of the caudal vena cava was performed in all horses, while the pulmonary vein ostia I and IV were mapped in two horses and pulmonary vein ostia II and III in one horse. Arrhythmogenic substrate was subsequently isolated by point\u2010by\u2010point RFCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mapping identified arrhythmogenic substrates in the caudal vena cava (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096), ostium II (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) and ostium IV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), which were isolated as confirmed by entrance and\/or exit block. Five cases recurred (after 2\u2009days, and 6, 11, 11 and 30\u2009months). The horse that relapsed after 6\u2009months underwent a second procedure to isolate ostium III, but the arrhythmia recurred 4\u2009months later. To date, two of seven horses remain in sinus rhythm with a follow\u2010up of 14 and 47\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small number of horses and limited follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arrhythmogenic substrate was identified in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins in horses with recurrent AF. Two of seven horses remain in sinus rhythm 14\u201347\u2009months after RFCA. This study does not allow to demonstrate the benefit of ablation. Catheter ablation in horses to reduce AF recurrence risk remains challenging at this point and more research is needed to identify AF triggers and improve ablation technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:44:42Z","timestamp":1784958282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First experience with radiofrequency catheter ablation in horses with recurrent, persistent naturally occurring atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2361-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Buschmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Van Steenkiste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Vernemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7105-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stijn","family":"Schauvliege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8129-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Decloedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Duytschaever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology AZ Sint\u2010Jan  Bruges Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunther","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105521","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in horses part 1: pathophysiology","volume":"263","author":"Decloedt A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12340","article-title":"Recommendations for Management of Equine Athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities","volume":"28","author":"Reef VB","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2018.12.004","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias in horses","volume":"35","author":"Loon G","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1988.tb01970.x","article-title":"Factors affecting prognosis and conversion in equine atrial fibrillation","volume":"2","author":"Reef VB","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.252.11.1409","article-title":"Treatment of recent\u2010onset atrial fibrillation with quinidine and flecainide in thoroughbred racehorses: 107 cases (1987\u20132014)","volume":"252","author":"Takahashi Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.180.03.261","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in horses: a review of 106 clinical cases, with consideration of prevalence, clinical signs, and prognosis","volume":"180","author":"Deem DA","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20020603","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in warmblood horses \u2013 echocardiography, therapy, prognosis and outcome in 72 cases","volume":"18","author":"Gehlen H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2021.01.001","article-title":"Relationship between atrial fibrillatory rate based on analysis of a modified base\u2010apex surface electrocardiogram analysis and the results of transvenous electrical cardioversion in horses with spontaneous atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Van Steenkiste G","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12108","article-title":"Noninvasive determination of atrial fibrillation cycle length by atrial colour tissue Doppler imaging in horses","volume":"46","author":"Decloedt A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0081.x","article-title":"Transvenous electrical cardioversion of equine atrial fibrillation: patient factors and clinical results in 72 treatment episodes","volume":"22","author":"McGurrin MK","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16395","article-title":"Transvenous electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in horses: horse and procedural factors correlated with success and recurrence","volume":"36","author":"Vernemmen I","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105594","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in horses part 2: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis","volume":"268","author":"Decloedt A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12606","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrence of atrial fibrillation in horses after cardioversion to sinus rhythm","volume":"29","author":"Decloedt A","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16668","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional electro\u2010anatomical mapping and radiofrequency ablation as a novel treatment for atrioventricular accessory pathway in a horse: a case report","volume":"37","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14424","article-title":"Lesion size index\u2010guided radiofrequency catheter ablation using an impedance\u2010based three\u2010dimensional mapping system to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in a horse","volume":"57","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2025","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17251","article-title":"Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index\u2010guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTO\u2122 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses","volume":"39","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16473","article-title":"Detection of the origin of atrial tachycardia by 3D electro\u2010anatomical mapping and treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation in horses","volume":"36","author":"Van Steenkiste G","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70175","article-title":"Orthodromic atrioventricular reentry bradycardia and tachycardia caused by an accessory pathway in horses","volume":"39","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.70095","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional electro\u2010anatomical mapping of premature atrial complexes originating from the right atrial free wall and treatment by radiofrequency ablation in three horses","volume":"58","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2026","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-52356-1.00007-4","volume-title":"Clinical Arrhythmology and electrophysiology","author":"Issa ZMJM","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","article-title":"2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio\u2010Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"42","author":"Hindricks G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins","volume":"339","author":"Haissaguerre M","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14075","article-title":"Morphological evidence of a potential arrhythmogenic substrate in the caudal and cranial vena cava in horses","volume":"57","author":"Ibrahim L","year":"2024","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2024.01.001","article-title":"Structural and electro\u2010anatomical characterization of the equine pulmonary veins: implications for atrial fibrillation","volume":"52","author":"Kjeldsen ST","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12334","article-title":"3D reconstruction of the porcine and equine pulmonary veins, supplemented with the identification of telocytes in the horse","volume":"47","author":"Vandecasteele T","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14422","article-title":"Pulmonary vein firing initiating atrial fibrillation in the horse: oversized dimensions but similar mechanisms","volume":"31","author":"Linz D","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14037","article-title":"Successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation in healthy horses using 3D electro\u2010anatomical mapping and a contact force\u2010guided ablation system","volume":"56","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2023","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17179","article-title":"Einthoven's triangle adapted for horses: proposal for the Delta configuration","volume":"38","author":"Paulussen E","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Electrocardiography in horses \u2013 part 1: how to make a good recording","volume":"79","author":"Verheyen T","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergen Tijds"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","volume-title":"ECEIM 2022","author":"Van Steenkiste G","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-8370-9.00038-2","volume-title":"Equine sports medicine and surgery","author":"Loon G","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12050549","article-title":"An exploratory study on Vectorcardiographic identification of the site of origin of focally induced premature Depolarizations in horses, Part I: The Atria","volume":"12","author":"Van Steenkiste G","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17156","article-title":"Feasibility of transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for multi\u2010catheter electrophysiological mapping studies in horses","volume":"38","author":"Vernemmen I","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17158","article-title":"Intracardiac ultrasound\u2010guided transseptal puncture in horses: outcome, follow\u2010up and peri\u2010operative anticogulant treatment","volume":"38","author":"Vernemmen I","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Cardiovascular Society, Autumn meeting","author":"Vernemmen I","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-019-00537-8","article-title":"Left atrial voltage mapping: defining and targeting the atrial fibrillation substrate","volume":"56","author":"Sim I","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup352","article-title":"Bipolar electrogram amplitudes in the left atrium are related to local conduction velocity in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Miyamoto K","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13996","article-title":"Morphological and histological investigation of the conduction system in the equine atrial muscle sleeve of pulmonary veins","volume":"56","author":"Kovacs S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-020-00892-x","article-title":"Pulmonary vein volume and myocardial sleeve extension estimated by 3D computed tomography and voltage mapping predict arrhythmogenic triggers of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"62","author":"Chen JY","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70218","article-title":"Multiple catheter recording in horses to investigate atrial depolarization pattern during sinus rhythm and induced premature atrial complexes","volume":"39","author":"Buschmann E","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14656","article-title":"Mechanisms of late arrhythmia recurrence after initially successful pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"46","author":"Erhard N","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.1760","article-title":"Two year, single center clinical outcome after catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation guided by lesion index","volume":"11","author":"Sundaram S","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4022\/jafib.1858","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of lesion index\u2010guided pulmonary vein isolation technique in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: 1\u2010year follow\u2010up","volume":"10","author":"De Mattia L","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","first-page":"775","article-title":"Ablation index, a novel marker of ablation lesion quality: prediction of pulmonary vein reconnection at repeat electrophysiology study and regional differences in target values","volume":"19","author":"Das M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13281","article-title":"Prospective use of ablation index targets improves clinical outcomes following ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"28","author":"Hussein A","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa224","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ablation index\u2010guided catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: an updated meta\u2010analysis","volume":"22","author":"Ioannou A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F419","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux376","article-title":"Improving procedural and one\u2010year outcome after contact force\u2010guided pulmonary vein isolation: the role of interlesion distance, ablation index, and contact force variability in the \u2018CLOSE\u2019\u2010protocol","volume":"20","author":"Phlips T","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14459","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"31","author":"Andrade JG","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14414","article-title":"Pulsed field ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"31","author":"Bradley CJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16056","article-title":"Comparison of pulsed field ablation and cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"34","author":"Schipper JH","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.16101","article-title":"Comparison of pulsed\u2010field ablation versus very high power short duration\u2010ablation for pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"34","author":"Woermann J","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae134","article-title":"State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art pulsed field ablation for cardiac arrhythmias: ongoing evolution and future perspective","volume":"26","author":"Chun KRJ","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab258","article-title":"New energy sources and technologies for atrial fibrillation catheter ablation","volume":"24","author":"Boersma L","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01506.x","article-title":"Prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of atrial fibrillation early after pulmonary vein isolation: findings from 3 months of continuous automatic ECG loop recordings","volume":"20","author":"Joshi S","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac131","article-title":"The blanking period after atrial fibrillation ablation: an European heart rhythm association survey on contemporary definition and management","volume":"24","author":"Bordignon S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12227177","article-title":"Recurrent atrial fibrillation ablation after initial successful pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"12","author":"Muller J","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-019-1210-4","article-title":"Longitudinal study of electrical, functional and structural remodelling in an equine model of atrial fibrillation","volume":"19","author":"Hesselkilde EZ","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01939-3","article-title":"Clinical significance of early recurrences of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"40","author":"Oral H","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.008128","article-title":"Diagnosis\u2010to\u2010ablation time and recurrence of atrial fibrillation following catheter ablation a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies","volume":"13","author":"Chew DS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/evj.70286","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/evj.70286","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/evj.70286","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:44:49Z","timestamp":1784958289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/evj.70286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/evj.70286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/evj.70286","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"evj.70286"}}