{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:23:11Z","timestamp":1791858191173,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No study has described the computed tomographic (CT) sinonasal findings in a large cohort of referred sinonasal disease cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the CT imaging findings in equine sinonasal disease and examine associations between case outcome and CT findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from medical records from 19 equine hospitals on sinonasal disease cases which had undergone CT imaging. Case outcome was obtained from clinical records, and\/or by contacting clients and referring veterinarians. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine variables at presentation associated with case outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 1600 cases of sinonasal disease had unilateral sinusitis in 1457 and bilateral sinus disease in 143. The rostral maxillary sinuses (86.1% affected) and ventral conchal sinuses (74.8% affected) were most commonly involved. Fluid attenuation or distortion of the ventral nasal conchal bullae (NCB) was present in 21.3% and 39.3% of cases, respectively, and of the dorsal NCB, in 16.5% and 28.4% of cases, respectively. Hyperostosis (inflammatory thickening) of sinus\u2010related bones was mild in 35.5%, moderate in 19.8%, severe in 8.7%, and absent in 36.1% of cases. A total of 659 non\u2010fractured and 200 fractured apically infected teeth were found. The normal contralateral sinuses in 100 horses showed CT evidence of endodontic\/apical infection in 114 cheek teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The multivariable model was built with data from 674 cases. Cases with apically infected non\u2010fractured (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41\u20133.29) or fractured teeth (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.08\u20133.81) (i.e., dental sinusitis) had a higher likelihood of cure than those that did not. Cases with caudal group sinusitis (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29\u20130.80) or moderate or severe bone hyperostosis (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36\u20130.78) had a lower likelihood of cure than those without.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study with incomplete data available for some cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maxillary cheek teeth endodontic\/apical infection does not always cause sinusitis. Sinus bone hyperostosis and caudal group sinusitis are associated with a lower likelihood of cure, whereas apical infections are associated with a higher likelihood of cure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:30:06Z","timestamp":1789176606000},"page":"1670-1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Computed tomographic findings in 1600 cases of equine sinonasal disease and associations with case outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4941-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padraic","family":"Dixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Veterinary Consultant  Edinburgh 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