{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:15:47Z","timestamp":1788405347360,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Perianaesthetic fluid therapy can influence oxygen delivery and tissue oxygenation, yet the optimal fluid rate in horses remains undefined.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare two fluid strategies on peripheral tissue oxygenation (StO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) and cardiorespiratory variables in isoflurane\u2010anaesthetised horses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Randomised, controlled, experimental design with two independent groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixteen euvolemic adult horses undergoing coeliotomy were anaesthetised with xylazine, ketamine, and midazolam, maintained on isoflurane with lidocaine infusion, and randomised to lactated Ringer's solution at 2.5\u2009mL\/kg\/h (maintenance; MNT) or 40\u2009mL\/kg\/h (high fluids; HF) for 120\u2009min. StO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n was measured at the\n extensor carpi radialis<\/jats:italic>\n muscle using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), serum lactate, and urine output were recorded at baseline, 60, and 120\u2009min and analysed using mixed\u2010effects linear regression and Bland\u2013Altman repeated\u2010measures correlation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n StO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n increased over time in both groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u20090.018) and weakly correlated with MAP (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.36,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0498) and lactate (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.36,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.05), but not with ScvO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n or PvO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.88). HF had significantly higher median MAP (80 vs. 76 and 79 vs. 72\u2009mmHg), CVP (7.5 vs. 2.7 and 17.0 vs. 4.0\u2009mmHg), serum lactate concentrations at 60 and 120\u2009min, respectively (3.0 vs. 1.4; 2.8 vs. 1.3\u2009mmol\/L) and total urine output (0.72 vs. 0.37; mL\/kg\/h) than MNT (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). CO increased over time in MNT but not HF. No differences were detected in StO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , CO, ScvO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , or PvO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n between groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n Small sample size and short observation window.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n High\u2010rate fluid therapy increased MAP, CVP, and urine output not StO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n or CO, and was associated with higher serum lactate. Tissue oxygenation improved over time regardless of fluid rate, suggesting limited benefit of aggressive crystalloid administration in anaesthetised euvolemic horses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:59:11Z","timestamp":1788404351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of two different fluid rates on tissue oxygenation and haemodynamic stability in anaesthetised horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3053-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raiane A.","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Bisiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7777-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Grosche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana Moreira B. 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