{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:02:48Z","timestamp":1790254968975,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004360","name":"Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses is characterised by insulin resistance and exaggerated insulin responses, yet the underlying endocrine mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In humans, \u03b1\u2010cell dysfunction characterised by exaggerated glucagon secretion contributes to metabolic disease; however, the role of pancreatic \u03b1\u2010cell function in equine ID has not previously been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether horses with moderate to severe ID exhibit \u03b1\u2010cell dysfunction, characterised by fasting and postprandial hyperglucagonaemia as well as impaired postprandial glucagon suppression compared with a cohort of horses with normal insulin regulation (NIR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Insulin dysregulated horses (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) and NIR horses (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) underwent a 180\u2010min seven\u2010sampled oral sugar test. Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations were measured at baseline and every 30\u2009min for 180\u2009min postprandially. Fasting glucagon concentrations (Fasting\n                      <jats:sub>GLUCAGON<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), total area under the curve for glucagon (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>GLUCAGON<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and postprandial suppression of glucagon secretion were used as primary outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Horses with ID exhibited higher geometric mean (95% confidence interval) values compared to NIR horses for the \u03b1\u2010cell dysfunction indices Fasting\n                      <jats:sub>GLUCAGON<\/jats:sub>\n                      (10.3 (8.0\u201313.4) vs. 4.1 (3.5\u20134.8) pmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and AUC\n                      <jats:sub>GLUCAGON<\/jats:sub>\n                      (1351.5 (1016.1\u20131797.7) vs. 624.7 (529.8\u2013736.6) pmol\/L\u2022min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Geometric least squares mean (95% confidence interval) glucagon concentrations were higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) at 180\u2009min after oral sugar administration in ID horses (6.3 (5.0\u20138.0) pmol\/L) compared with baseline concentrations in NIR horses (4.1 (3.3\u20135.2) pmol\/L), indicating impaired postprandial glucagon suppression in the ID group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional design and unmatched groups limit causal inference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses with moderate to severe ID exhibit marked \u03b1\u2010cell dysfunction characterised by fasting and postprandial hyperglucagonaemia and impaired postprandial suppression of glucagon secretion. These findings identify \u03b1\u2010cell dysfunction as a novel component of equine ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:25:37Z","timestamp":1790252737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pancreatic \u03b1\u2010cell dysfunction associated with equine insulin dysregulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"Lind\u00e5se","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Strage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences  Uppsala 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