{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:35:46Z","timestamp":1793018146864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018095","name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heel movement is critical to shock absorption and vascular perfusion of the equine digit. Conventional horseshoeing techniques are suspected to restrict natural hoof deformation, affecting hoof biomechanics. Several studies have explored the effects of shoeing on hoof function, though many have been limited to artificial conditions, cadavers, or homogenous populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to compare the effects of two aluminium shoeing techniques, nail\u2010on versus indirect glue\u2010on fabric cuff shoes, on heel movement in horses. Our objective was to determine which technique allowed greater heel movement on hard and soft footing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A controlled in vivo experimental study using a repeated\u2010measures design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen healthy horses underwent three trials: (1) indirect glue\u2010on fabric cuff shoes, (2) barefoot, and (3) aluminium nail\u2010on shoes. A displacement sensor was affixed to the heels of one forelimb. Measurements were taken on hard and soft footing. Data were analysed using mixed\u2010model ANOVA to determine differences in heel movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Heel movement was significantly greater when barefoot (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Mean heel displacement for the walk on hard ground was highest in barefoot horses (3.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67\u2009mm), followed by glue\u2010on shoes (2.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58\u2009mm), and aluminium nail\u2010on shoes (1.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.48\u2009mm). At the trot, mean heel movement was greatest in barefoot horses (3.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62\u2009mm), followed by glue\u2010on shoes (2.56\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55\u2009mm), and aluminium nail\u2010on shoes (2.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47\u2009mm).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two main limitations were: (1) The lack of an absolute zero baseline measurement, preventing differentiating between heel expansion and contraction. (2) Low heel conformation in some horses prevented recordings on soft footing, reducing the statistical power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reinforces previous findings that shoeing restricts heel movement. Indirect glue\u2010on shoes allow for more heel movement than nail\u2010on shoes at the trot; both techniques limit heel movement compared to barefoot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:12:15Z","timestamp":1791774735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heel movement and foot biomechanics in aluminium nail\u2010on and indirect glue\u2010on fabric cuff shoes in horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Fabian Jimenez","family":"Roa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia\u2010Marland College of Veterinary Medicine  Blacksburg Virginia 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