{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:53:30Z","timestamp":1791334410214,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid changes between feeds can cause dysbiosis and colic in horses. The metabolic consequences of transitioning between haylages (HY)\u00a0are currently unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise urinary and faecal metabonomics in ponies transitioned between HY varying in botanical composition and physiological age and to evaluate the speed of metabolic adaptation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo experiments repeated Latin Square.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight Welsh Mountain ponies were fed four HY (R1, R2, M1, M2) across 4\u2009\u00d7\u200915\u2010day periods; a structured 3\u2010day (Days 13\u201315) changeover was observed: old:new 70:30, 50:50and 30:70. Day 1 was 100% new haylage. Apparent digestibility was determined (multivariate mixed\u2010effects model) from total faecal collections on Days 10\u201312. Urinary and faecal collections were performed on Days 0, 5, 12 and 14. Metabolic profiling of urine and faeces was performed using  NMR spectroscopy with principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent\u2010structures\u2010discriminate analysis to identify metabolic shifts. Alignment and normalisation (total quotient method) were carried out in Mathworks Matlab R2014a. Significance:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ponies achieved metabolic adaptation within 5\u2009days. Metabolites were functionally stable at mid\u2010changeover (Day 14). Forage chemical composition drove changes. Most significant differences were between physiologically young ryegrass haylage (R1) and the other three HY, for example, D5 urinary glycine R1 992\u2009\u00b1\u2009504.4 vs. R2 222\u2009\u00b1\u2009130. Faecal differences included altered faecal short\u2010chain fatty acid plus amino\u2010acid metabolites, for example, from Day 12 full adaptation to 5\u2009days post\u2010change for acetate: R114\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5, R2 19\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0;\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010hydroxyphenol\u2010acetate: R1 0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22, M2 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63; indole\u20103\u2010acetate: R1 1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3, M2 2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ponies were only fed forage. Results may not reflect more abrupt changes between HY or between different forages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic adaptation to new HY occurred within the first 5\u2009days and was shaped by forage composition. Three\u2010day structured introduction supported metabolic stability. Metabonomics provides a sensitive, non\u2010invasive tool and helps discriminate between forages for nutrient availability and hindgut function. Vigilance is still recommended in the first 5\u2009days of introducing a new haylage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:40:05Z","timestamp":1791333605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Forage chemical composition drives early metabolic shifts in ponies fed different haylages"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8023-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. J. 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