{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:40:56Z","timestamp":1792676456896,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthcare\u2010associated infections increase morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs in both human and veterinary medicine, and environmental contamination can contribute to their occurrence. Monitoring of environmental cleaning is an important component of multimodal infection control strategies. Fluorescent tagging is a low\u2010cost, practical approach that correlates with reduced environmental contamination in human and small animal hospitals. Its applicability in equine hospitals, where surface characteristics and contamination risks differ, has not yet been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate fluorescent tagging as a monitoring tool for environmental cleaning in an equine hospital, to assess the impact of active feedback, and to validate an objective ImageJ\u2010based assessment against subjective evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before\u2010after study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A commercial fluorescent dye was applied to surfaces in examination rooms and stalls. Fluorescent tag removal was evaluated visually and objectively using standardised photography and ImageJ\u2010based green intensity analysis. Surfaces were sampled repeatedly across two study phases, separated by structured feedback to cleaning staff. Aerobic colony counts (ACC) were performed during phase II adjacent to fluorescent tags to assess bacterial contamination before and after cleaning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Objective ImageJ\u2010based analysis accurately distinguished between removed, partially removed, and not removed fluorescent tags, and there was strong agreement with subjective visual assessment. In examination rooms, provision of feedback resulted in a significant overall improvement in cleaning efficacy, particularly in orthopaedic treatment rooms (room1: log\u2010odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.71;\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u2009=\u20090.033, room2: log\u2010odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.11;\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value\u2009=\u20090.01), whereas no improvement was observed in stables (\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value &gt;0.05). The ACC were not associated with fluorescent tag removal grades (\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value &gt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjective and objective assessments were performed by the same non\u2010blinded examiner, single centre design and limited ACC assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluorescent tagging is a feasible monitoring method for assessing environmental cleaning efficacy in an equine hospital, and objective quantification correlated closely with subjective visual assessment. Active feedback improved cleaning performance in examination rooms but not in stables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:04:33Z","timestamp":1792674273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluorescent tagging for assessment of environmental cleaning in an equine hospital"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Desiree","family":"Joch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Centre for Equine Health and Research, Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolis","family":"Lyrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Centre for Ruminants, Camelids and Herd Health Management, Department of Farm Animals and Food System Transformation University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7780-3827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora Mareike","family":"Biermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Centre for Equine Health and Research, Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-018-0620-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(03)00150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501806"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503845"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHIN.2008.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/662626"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJIC.2012.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588566"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.1999.0717"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/000112517"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13090"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100796"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","unstructured":"Schuelke.Microcount\u00ae Keimindikatoren production brochure. 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