{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:32:34Z","timestamp":1790505154562,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1472,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004794","name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"ANR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE35-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE35-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ability of the agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, to form a biofilm blocking the gut of the flea has been considered to be a key evolutionary step in maintaining flea-borne transmission. However, blockage decreases dramatically the life expectancy of fleas, challenging the adaptive nature of blockage. Here, we develop an epidemiological model of plague that accounts for its different transmission routes, as well as the within-host competition taking place between bacteria within the flea vector. We use this theoretical framework to identify the environmental conditions promoting the evolution of blockage. We also show that blockage is favored at the onset of an epidemic, and that the frequencies of bacterial strains exhibiting different strategies of blockage can fluctuate in seasonal environments. This analysis quantifies the contribution of different transmission routes in plague and makes testable predictions on the adaptive nature of blockage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T14:21:36Z","timestamp":1553696496000},"page":"152-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["To block or not to block: The adaptive manipulation of plague transmission"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Gandon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier - Universit\u00e9 Paul-Val\u00e9ry Montpellier \u2013 EPHE 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Heitzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier - Universit\u00e9 Paul-Val\u00e9ry Montpellier \u2013 EPHE 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Sebbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Univ. of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019\u2014UMR8204\u2014CIIL\u2014Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille F-59000 Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14043","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14043","article-title":"Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis","volume":"96","author":"Achtman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","first-page":"423","article-title":"Observations on the mechanism of the transmission of plague by fleas","volume":"13","author":"Bacot","year":"1914","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003209","article-title":"Evolution of virulence in emerging epidemics","volume":"9","author":"Berngruber","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006859","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006859","article-title":"Infectious blood source alters early foregut infection and regurgitative transmission of Yersinia pestis by rodent fleas","volume":"14","author":"Bland","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004413","article-title":"Feeding behavior modulates biofilm-mediated transmission of Yersinia pestis by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis","volume":"10","author":"Bland","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0890-4_1","article-title":"Plague: a disease which changed the path of human civilization","volume":"918","author":"Bramanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2012.02.003","article-title":"Yersinia\u2013flea interactions and the evolution of the arthropod-borne transmission route of plague","volume":"15","author":"Chouikha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. 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Bacteriol."},{"key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412887112","article-title":"Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe","volume":"112","author":"Schmid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041206462908100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.170-176.2001","article-title":"Silencing and reactivation of urease in Yersinia pestis is determined by one G residue at a specific position in the ureD gene","volume":"69","author":"Sebbane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. 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