{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:48:53Z","timestamp":1789912133436,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1776,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/P002692\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/P002692\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Meiotically driving sex chromosomes manipulate gametogenesis to increase their transmission at a cost to the rest of the genome. The intragenomic conflicts they produce have major impacts on the ecology and evolution of their host species. However, their ecological dynamics remain poorly understood. Simple population genetic models predict meiotic drivers will rapidly reach fixation in populations and spread across landscapes. In contrast, natural populations commonly show spatial variation in the frequency of drivers, with drive present in clines or mosaics across species ranges. For example, Drosophila subobscura harbors a sex ratio distorting drive chromosome (SRs) at 15\u201325% frequency in North Africa, present at less than 2% frequency in adjacent southern Spain, and absent in other European populations. Here, we investigate the forces preventing the spread of the driver northward. We show that SRs has remained at a constant frequency in North Africa, and failed to spread in Spain. We find strong evidence that spread is impeded by genetic incompatibility between SRs and Spanish autosomal backgrounds. When we cross SRs from North Africa onto Spanish genetic backgrounds we observe strong incompatibilities specific to hybrids bearing SRs. The incompatibilities increase in severity in F2 male hybrids, leading to almost complete infertility. We find no evidence supporting an alternative hypothesis, that there is resistance to drive in Spanish populations. We conclude that the source of the stepped frequency variation is genetic incompatibility between the SRs chromosome and the genetic backgrounds of the adjacent population, preventing SRs spreading northward. The low frequency of SRs in South Spain is consistent with recurrent gene flow across the Strait of Gibraltar combined with selection against the SRs element through genetic incompatibility. This demonstrates that incompatibilities between drive chromosomes and na\u00efve populations can prevent the spread of drive between populations, at a continental scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T01:02:19Z","timestamp":1526000539000},"page":"169-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Strong hybrid male incompatibilities impede the spread of a selfish chromosome between populations of a fly"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4328-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudi L.","family":"Verspoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack M. L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha L. M.","family":"Mannion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory D. D.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4394-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom A. R.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025589","article-title":"Molecular evolution of the sex-ratio inversion complex in Drosophila pseudoobscura: analysis of the esterase-5 gene region","volume":"13","author":"Babcock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr074","article-title":"Rapid rise and fall of selfish sex-ratio X chromosomes in Drosophila simulans: spatiotemporal analysis of phenotypic and molecular data","volume":"28","author":"Bastide","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","first-page":"27","article-title":"Sex-ratio trait, sex composition, and relative abundance in Drosophila pseudoobscura","volume":"36","author":"Bryant","year":"1982","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674029118","volume-title":"Genes in conflict: the biology of selfish genetic elements","author":"Burt","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111183","article-title":"Sex chromosome loss induced by the \u201csex-ratio\u201d trait in Drosophila pseudoobscura males","volume":"83","author":"Cobbs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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Biol."},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","first-page":"262","article-title":"Divergence of meiotic drive-suppression systems as an explanation for sex-biased hybrid sterility and inviability","volume":"45","author":"Frank","year":"1991","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1126\/science.156.3774.477","article-title":"Extraordinary sex-ratios","volume":"156","author":"Hamilton","year":"1967","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00774686","article-title":"Postmating reproductive isolation and modification of the sex-ratio trait in Drosophila subobscura induced by the sex-chromosome gene arrangement A2+3+5+7","volume":"83","author":"Hauschteckjungen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00055091","article-title":"The loss of Y-sperm in sex-ratio (SR) males of Drosophila subobscura is compensated","volume":"74","author":"Hauschteckjungen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12295","article-title":"Introgression in the Drosophila subobscura\u2013D. madeirensis sister species: evidence of gene flow in nuclear genes despite mitochondrial differentiation","volume":"68","author":"Herrig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00280.x","article-title":"What use is an infertile sperm? 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Mediterranean populations from Southwestern Europe","volume":"56","author":"Sole","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/46.2.177","article-title":"Genetic systems modifying meiotic drive in Drosophila paramelanica","volume":"46","author":"Stalker","year":"1961","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/21.4.473","article-title":"Geographical distribution and cytology of \u201csex ratio\u201d in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species","volume":"21","author":"Sturtevant","year":"1936","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","article-title":"Detrimental effects of an autosomal selfish genetic element on sperm competitiveness in house mice","volume":"282","author":"Sutter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. R Soc. B-Biol. 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Biol."},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.01.024","article-title":"Age-based mate choice in the monandrous fruit fly Drosophila subobscura","volume":"102","author":"Verspoor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2023041207214105200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2016.03.020","article-title":"The ability to gain matings, not sperm competition, reduces the success of males carrying a selfish genetic element in a fly","volume":"115","author":"Verspoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."}],"container-title":["Evolution Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fevl3.55","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/evlett\/article-pdf\/2\/3\/169\/49857244\/evlett0169.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/evlett\/article-pdf\/2\/3\/169\/49857244\/evlett0169.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1693653591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/evlett\/article\/2\/3\/169\/6700588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/evl3.55","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/248237","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.733208325.793548181","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2056-3744"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-3744","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}}}