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There is an urgent need to develop highly efficient air filtration systems capable of removing particles with a wide size distribution. However, the efficiency of current air filters is compromised by controlling their hierarchical pore size. Inspired by the graded filtration mechanisms in the human respiratory system, microporous ZIF\u201067 is in situ synthesized on a 3D interconnected network of bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) to fabricate a multiscale porous filter with a comprehensive pore size distribution. The macropores between the BCFs, mesopores formed by the BCF microfibers, and micropores within the ZIF\u201067 synergistically facilitate the removal of particulates of different sizes. The filtration capabilities of PM2.5 and PM0.3 could reach 99.3% and 98.6%, respectively, whereas the adsorption of formaldehyde is 88.7% within 30\u00a0min. In addition, the filter exhibits excellent antibacterial properties (99.9%), biodegradability (80.1% degradation after 14 days), thermal stability, and skin\u2010friendly properties (0 irritation). This study may inspire the research of using natural features of renewable resources to design high\u2010performance air\u2010filtration materials for various applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/exp.20240012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T23:55:50Z","timestamp":1718063750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Bio\u2010inspired hierarchical bamboo\u2010based air filters for efficient removal of particulate matter and toxic gases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co\u2010Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Materials and Manufacturing Sciences Department of Chemistry and Physics Troy University  Troy USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Co\u2010Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenji","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw9286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-023-01253-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-020-00105-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat1723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c06395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"2412","volume":"320","author":"Friedrich M. 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