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Advanced PCa is invasive and may spread rapidly. Current strategies could not fulfill the requirement for clinical application; thus, novel therapeutic strategies are still urgently needed. Nanoparticles are a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery and cancer treatment; however, the strong exogeneity and weak targeting limit their further application. Here, we developed a novel macrophage membrane\u2010coated nanoparticle that has transmembrane\u2010expressed gy\u20101, a single\u2010chain antibody fragment (scFv) against prostate\u2010specific membrane antigen (PSMA), to endow the immune evasion and targeting property, which we named P\u2010MMCNPs. The Fe\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @Au nanoparticles were used as the core of P\u2010MMCNPs, which confer P\u2010MMCNPs with the properties of multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Anti\u2010tumor cytotoxic drug maytansine (DM1) was loaded into the nanoparticles to obtain cytotoxicity. P\u2010MMCNPs were shown to have immune evasion capacity and prolonged circulation time and can be specifically distributed in PSMA\u2010positive tumors, thus enabling targeted imaging and targeted drug delivery. The macrophage membrane\u2010coated nanoparticles combined to inhibit tumor growth in vivo when loaded with DM1 and treated with PTT. Additionally, we found that P\u2010MMCNPs alone could inhibit tumor growth, which may be caused by cytokine neutralization by the macrophage membrane. Our work demonstrates that the innovative P\u2010MMCNPs serve as a versatile platform. This platform improves PCa\u2010targeted diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy while avoiding side effects. Moreover, it holds promise for expanding into the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases, with potential for clinical translation. Additionally, it offers novel insights into nanomedicine\u2010based combination therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/exp.20240393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:33:31Z","timestamp":1771832011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["PSMA\u2010Targeting Macrophage Membrane\u2010Coated Nanoparticles for Precision Diagnosis and Combination Therapy of Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Keying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Surgery Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an 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Research Center of Molecular &amp; Neuroimaging Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xidian University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Research Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology\/Oncology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago, IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuankang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment School of Public Health Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an 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